Abstract: A method for converting source data to a channel-modulated signal having a plurality of pairs of in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) data in a mobile station, wherein the mobile station uses at least one channel, includes the steps of: a) encoding the source data to generate at least one data part and a control part; b) generating at least one spreading code to be allocated to the channel, wherein each spreading code is selected on the basis of a data rate of the data part and the control part and spreading codes are selected so that two consecutive pairs of the I and Q data are correspondent to two points located on same point or symmetrical with respect to a zero point on a phase domain; and c) spreading the control part and the data part by using the spreading code, to thereby generate the channel-modulated signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of sensing illegal flight of a low-flying drone. Here, the method of sensing illegal flight includes: changing a direction of a beam on the basis of a preset period; and detecting an object by using the beam changed on the basis of the preset period. Here, the direction of the beam is changed on the basis of a first direction and a second direction. The first direction is changed on the basis of conversion of a center frequency, and the second direction is changed on the basis of a phase and a particular value.

Abstract: A method for converting source data to a channel-modulated signal having a plurality of pairs of in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) data in a mobile station, wherein the mobile station uses at least one channel, includes the steps of: a) encoding the source data to generate at least one data part and a control part; b) generating at least one spreading code to be allocated to the channel, wherein each spreading code is selected on the basis of a data rate of the data part and the control part and spreading codes are selected so that two consecutive pairs of the I and Q data are correspondent to two points located on same point or symmetrical with respect to a zero point on a phase domain; and c) spreading the control part and the data part by using the spreading code, to thereby generate the channel-modulated signal.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for transmitting a signal based on a non-uniform inter-symbol interference (ISI) pattern, the apparatus that may transmit an output signal generated by modulating an input signal based on a parameter sequence to be used to control an interference pattern and a position of a transmission signal for each symbol using a faster than Nyquist (FTN) scheme.

Abstract: An aging environment measurement apparatus measures aging environment data within an oak barrel and transmits the measured aging environment data within the oak barrel to a server, and the aging environment measurement apparatus is mounted in a bung of the oak barrel.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for transmitting a signal based on a non-uniform inter-symbol interference (ISI) pattern, the apparatus that may transmit an output signal generated by modulating an input signal based on a parameter sequence to be used to control an interference pattern and a position of a transmission signal for each symbol using a faster than Nyquist (FTN) scheme.

Abstract: A tag of an apparatus for simultaneously identifying massive tags according to the present invention may include an analog circuit unit to communicate with a reader through an analog signal and to receive energy via magnetic coupling with the reader. Further, the tag may include a digital circuit unit to be supplied with power from the analog circuit unit. The digital circuit unit may support a sleep mode for the tag to stand by in a low power state after transmitting an identifier (ID) to the reader and a wait mode for controlling random access to the reader.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification (RFID) smart shelf system manages a product through communication with an RFID tag that is attached to the product on a shelf, and includes an RFID reader, a plurality of reader antennas, and an RF switch that is connected between the RFID reader and the plurality of reader antennas. The RF switch periodically varies a phase difference between RF signals of a portion of a plurality of output connection ports that set a connection to each of the plurality of reader antennas.

Abstract: Provided is a tag integrated circuit (IC) module apparatus and a method of fabricating tag IC module apparatus. The tag IC module apparatus may include an n-turn loop coil, n denoting a natural number, connected in series with a tag IC, and a printed circuit board (PCB) disposed below the tag IC and patterned with the n-turn loop coil.

Abstract: A Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag and an interrogator that support a normal mode and a secure mode, and operating methods thereof are provided. The RFID tag may notify the interrogator of whether a current operating mode of the RFID tag is the normal mode or the secure mode, may perform different inventory processes based on the current operating mode, and may perform an authentication of the interrogator. Here, the RFID tag and the interrogator may also perform a mutual authentication.

Abstract: A reader antenna includes dipole antennas, the dipole antennas including: a horizontal dipole antenna having the characteristic of horizontal polarization; and a dipole antenna perpendicular to the horizontal dipole antenna and including a vertical dipole antenna having the characteristic of vertical polarization, wherein the horizontal dipole antenna and the vertical dipole antenna may both have the characteristic of circular polarization. The reader antenna can be easily stored in an electronic shelf because it is realized in an ultrathin structure using a single-layered dielectric substrate.

Abstract: A super frame structure supporting a mesh network, and a beacon scheduling method. The super frame structure and the beacon scheduling method may support a mesh topology in a beacon enabled mode, may have an algorithm that is simple and easily realized via beacon scheduling using a distribution method, and may easily adapt to changes in a network environment.

Abstract: A method for converting source data to a channel-modulated signal having a plurality of pairs of in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) data in a mobile station, wherein the mobile station uses at least one channel, includes the steps of: a) encoding the source data to generate at least one data part and a control part; b) generating at least one spreading code to be allocated to the channel, wherein each spreading code is selected on the basis of a data rate of the data part and the control part and spreading codes are selected so that two consecutive pairs of the I and Q data are correspondent to two points located on same point or symmetrical with respect to a zero point on a phase domain; and c) spreading the control part and the data part by using the spreading code, to thereby generate the channel-modulated signal.

Abstract: An RFID system using an M pulse amplitude modulation (M-PAM) or M quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) scheme using a plurality of load-modulators, a plurality of antennas, and a communication method thereof are provided. The RFID system includes: an RFID tag; and a reader device communicating with the RFID device, wherein the RFID tag includes: N load-modulators an N antennas communicating with the reader device in any one scheme of M-pulse amplitude modulation (M-PAM) and M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) in which modulation of an M level is performed and operated corresponding to the M level.

Abstract: A tag apparatus communicating with a reader acquires a command from a signal that is received from the reader, converts data corresponding to the acquired command to a plurality of multi-level parallel data, and generates a plurality of tag load impedances based on bias voltages that are mapped to correspond to each level of the plurality of parallel data. Therefore, a signal having electrical energy corresponding to the plurality of tag load impedances is transmitted to the reader.

Abstract: A time synchronization method in a wireless sensor network, a low power routing method using a reservation scheme, and an apparatus for performing the method are provided. The time synchronization method in the wireless sensor network may include: receiving a first synchronization request command packet from a parent node that manages time synchronization for a predetermined synchronization region; receiving, from the parent node, a second synchronization request command packet that has a transmission timestamp value of the first synchronization request command packet; and performing time synchronization for a child node based on a reception time of the first synchronization request command packet, a reception time of the second synchronization request command packet, and the transmission timestamp value of the first synchronization request command packet.

Abstract: Provided is a high frequency (HF)/ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) multiband tag antenna that may form a circular HF tag pattern on one surface of a single printed circuit board (PCB) and may form a UHF tag pattern having a diameter greater than a diameter of the HF tag pattern on another surface of the single PCB.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of generating a pseudo noise (PN) code is provided. The apparatus for generating the PN code includes: a memory device unit including a plurality of memory devices; an exclusive-OR (XOR) operation unit receiving output values of at least two memory devices among output values of the plurality of memory devices to output an XOR operation value with respect to the received output values; and a PN code generation unit generating the PN code based on an output value of the XOR operation unit.

Abstract: Provided are an RFID reader and a method for controlling a gain thereof. The RFID reader includes an amplifier and an AGC circuit. The amplifier controls the gain of an RX signal, received from an RFID tag, in response to an AGC signal. The AGC circuit measures a signal level in an ante-preamble period of the RX signal and generates an AGC signal to control the gain of the RX signal, on the basis of the measured signal level.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for transmitting packet data in a WSN. The apparatus for transmitting packet data in a WSN includes: a serial-to-parallel converter to parallel-convert information and output the converted information to two channel paths; a Walsh code pair generation unit to select an arbitrary Walsh code pair, mix the selected Walsh code pair with a pseudo noise (PN) code, and output one Walsh code to one channel path and the other Walsh code to the other channel path; a first mixer to mix the signals inputted to two channel paths, and generate a spread symbol for each path; a delay to delay the other channel path signal by a predetermined time; and a transmission unit to convert one channel path signal and the other channel path signal delayed by the delay into transmission frequency band signals, and transmit the converted signals as wireless signals.