Abstract: The present invention discloses a number of devices and methods for monitoring a flow within a flow circuit. In one embodiment, a flow indicator is disclosed and includes a flow indicator device having a body, the body having first conduit port and a second conduit port formed thereon, the second conduit port in communication with an ambient environment, at least one indicator conduit in fluid communication with an infusion circuit and the first conduit port, a sensing device positioned within the body and in fluid communication with the first and second conduit ports, and at least one indicator positioned on the body and in communication with the sensing device.

Abstract: A flash memory device which can reduce the whole program or erase time and improve reliability by cycling, by storing a pulse width or a bias level for passing at least one bit of cells of a first page in a program or erase operation using an ISPP scheme, and using the stored pulse width or bias level as an initial pulse width or an initial bias level in a succeeding program operation or erase operation, and a method for driving the same.