Abstract: An interposer includes a substrate having a mounting area and a test area, first conductive plugs separate from each other, the first conductive plugs being disposed along a first direction and into the test area of the substrate, a first line pattern group including first non-conductive patterns disposed on first centers of the first conductive plugs, and first conductive patterns disposed to bridge first peripheries of a first adjacent pair of the first conductive plugs, and first pads connected to the first conductive patterns at both first ends of the first line pattern group.

Abstract: An interposer includes a substrate having a mounting area and a test area, first conductive plugs separate from each other, the first conductive plugs being disposed along a first direction and into the test area of the substrate, a first line pattern group including first non-conductive patterns disposed on first centers of the first conductive plugs, and first conductive patterns disposed to bridge first peripheries of a first adjacent pair of the first conductive plugs, and first pads connected to the first conductive patterns at both first ends of the first line pattern group.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, a wire structure includes a first wire that includes a first wire core and a first carbon shell surrounding the first wire core, and a second wire that extends in a longitudinal direction from the first wire. The first wire core has a wire shape. The first carbon shell contains carbon.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, a wire structure includes a first wire that includes a first wire core and a first carbon shell surrounding the first wire core, and a second wire that extends in a longitudinal direction from the first wire. The first wire core has a wire shape. The first carbon shell contains carbon.

Abstract: A thermoelectric material including: a nanostructure; a discontinuous area disposed in the nanostructure, and an uneven portion disposed on the nano structure.

Abstract: A core-shell nanowire with an uneven surface structure can be advantageously used in thermoelectric devices. The core-shell nanowire with the uneven surface structure includes a core region and a shell region, wherein the uneven surface structure is formed in the shell region.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes a main power supply including a main transformer and a first switching controller that switches an input power supply of the main transformer, and a standby power supply including an auxiliary transformer, a second switching controller that switches an input power supply of the auxiliary transformer, a rectifying circuit that converts an output voltage of the auxiliary transformer into a DC voltage and supplies the DC voltage as a driving power for the first switching controller, a transistor that switches a supply of the driving power from the rectifying circuit to the first switching controller, and a controller that switches the transistor. The electronic apparatus includes a semiconductor device that performs the switching operation with improved stability.

Abstract: A forward converter having an improved power factor and suppressing a harmonic noise component appearing at an input current waveform. The forward converter includes a bridge diode, a first smoothing capacitor, a control circuit, a switching element, a transformer, a waveform shaper, a rectifying element, and a second smoothing capacitor. The bridge diode full-wave rectifies an AC input voltage to generate a first DC voltage. The first smoothing capacitor smooths the first DC voltage to generate a second DC voltage. The control circuit generates a switching control signal in response to an input of the second DC voltage. The switching element, which is connected between the first smoothing capacitor and a ground terminal, switches on or off in response to the switching control signal. The transformer, having a primary winding and a secondary winding, receives the second DC voltage through the primary winding when the switching element is switched on, and induces the second DC voltage to the secondary winding.