Abstract: Arithmetic memories, image sensors including the arithmetic memories and methods of operating the arithmetic memories are provided. The arithmetic memories may include an input block to which a digital pixel reset signal and a digital pixel image signal are input and a plurality of unit cells configured to generate a digital difference signal. The input block may include first and second multiplexers to which the digital pixel reset signal and the digital pixel image signal are input and an inverter connected to the first multiplexer. The plurality of unit cells may include a first unit cell connected to the input block and a second unit cell through an N-th unit cell successively connected to the first unit cell. N may be two or greater. The first unit cell may include third and fourth multiplexers, a first flip/flop, and a first AND gate.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter includes a digital-to-analog converter comprising a capacitor divider network comprising a plurality of dividing capacitors and a dummy capacitor. The digital-to-analog converter is configured to selectively apply an input voltage and a reference voltage to the dividing capacitors and to selectively apply the input voltage and a shift voltage to the dummy capacitor. The analog-to-digital converter further includes a comparison circuit configured to compare an output of the capacitor divider network and a common mode voltage and a shift voltage generator circuit configured to generate the shift voltage. The shift voltage generator circuit may be configured to vary the shift voltage for different samples of the input voltage. For example, the shift voltage generator circuit may be configured to change the shift voltage for succeeding samples by an amount corresponding to 1/(2^M) times the reference voltage to support 2^M oversampling of the input voltage.

Abstract: Arithmetic memories, image sensors including the arithmetic memories and methods of operating the arithmetic memories are provided. The arithmetic memories may include an input block to which a digital pixel reset signal and a digital pixel image signal are input and a plurality of unit cells configured to generate a digital difference signal. The input block may include first and second multiplexers to which the digital pixel reset signal and the digital pixel image signal are input and an inverter connected to the first multiplexer. The plurality of unit cells may include a first unit cell connected to the input block and a second unit cell through an N-th unit cell successively connected to the first unit cell. N may be two or greater. The first unit cell may include third and fourth multiplexers, a first flip/flop, and a first AND gate.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter includes a digital-to-analog converter comprising a capacitor divider network comprising a plurality of dividing capacitors and a dummy capacitor. The digital-to-analog converter is configured to selectively apply an input voltage and a reference voltage to the dividing capacitors and to selectively apply the input voltage and a shift voltage to the dummy capacitor. The analog-to-digital converter further includes a comparison circuit configured to compare an output of the capacitor divider network and a common mode voltage and a shift voltage generator circuit configured to generate the shift voltage. The shift voltage generator circuit may be configured to vary the shift voltage for different samples of the input voltage. For example, the shift voltage generator circuit may be configured to change the shift voltage for succeeding samples by an amount corresponding to 1/(2?M) times the reference voltage to support 2?M oversampling of the input voltage.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying power to a controller has a main power switch provided on a power supply path of a main power to a controller, a sub power switch provided on a power supply path of a sub power to the controller, and a power supply controller that opens the main power switch and closes the sub power switch so that the sub power is supplied to the controller when not receiving the main power. Accordingly, the power supply to the controller can be more stably switched. Additionally, an over-discharged battery is not used in power supply, and the controller can have a more stable reset operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying power to a controller has a main power switch provided on a power supply path of a main power to a controller, a sub power switch provided on a power supply path of a sub power to the controller, and a power supply controller that opens the main power switch and closes the sub power switch so that the sub power is supplied to the controller when not receiving the main power. Accordingly, the power supply to the controller can be more stably switched. Additionally, an over-discharged battery is not used in power supply, and the controller can have a more stable reset operation.

Abstract: A portable electronic device having a body having a first contact protrusion and a second contact protrusion at a side for receiving an external power supply, and a third contact protrusion for receiving a power status, and a battery device having a first contact terminal, a second contact terminal and a third contact terminal for connecting with the first to third contact protrusions of the body to provide the body with the power supply and the power status. The battery device has the first and the second contact terminals which are longer than the third contact terminal in a first direction and a second direction by a predetermined distance, respectively, to maintain the first and second contact terminals in contact with the respective contact protrusions longer than the third contact terminal.