Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a lower stacked structure with lower metal lines on a substrate, an upper stacked structure with an upper metal line on the lower stacked structure, a vertical structure penetrating the upper and lower stacked structures and including a channel layer, a first cutting line through the upper and lower stacked structures, an upper supporter in a recess on the first cutting line, a second cutting line through the upper and lower stacked structures and spaced apart from the first cutting line, a sub-cutting line through the upper stacked structure while at least partially overlapping the vertical structure in the vertical direction, the sub-cutting line being between the first and second cutting lines, top surfaces of the upper supporter and sub-cutting line being coplanar, and a first interlayer insulating layer surrounding a sidewall of each of the upper supporter and the sub-cutting line.

Abstract: A fuel cell system and a method of controlling the system are provided. The fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell having a plurality of cells to generate power through a reaction between hydrogen supplied to an anode space and oxygen supplied to a cathode space; a power storage device to be charged with power generated by the fuel cell or discharged to supply power; and a controller. The controller recirculates hydrogen, diffused from the anode space to the cathode space, into the anode space by supplying power charged in the power storage device to the fuel cell when the power generation of the fuel cell is stopped. The controller is configured to control whether to supply the power to the fuel cell based on a pressure measured in the anode space and voltages of the cells that constitute the fuel cell.

Abstract: A multi-subscriber identification module (SIM) device is provided, and includes first and second SIMs, first and second radio frequency (RF) resources, and a baseband processor. The first and second SIMs are for using first and second services of first and second networks respectively. The first RF resource supports a non-limiting channel configuration use in accordance with a radio resource control (RRC) protocol. The second RF resource supports a limiting channel configuration use in accordance with the RRC protocol. The baseband processor, in a dual radio (DR) mode, configures one of the first and second SIMs as a main SIM based on information on the first and second networks, allots the first RF resource to the main SIM, configures the other one as a sub-SIM, and allots the second RF resource to the sub-SIM.

Abstract: A multi-subscriber identification module (SIM) device is provided, and includes first and second SIMs, first and second radio frequency (RF) resources, and a baseband processor. The first and second SIMs are for using first and second services of first and second networks respectively. The first RF resource supports a non-limiting channel configuration use in accordance with a radio resource control (RRC) protocol. The second RF resource supports a limiting channel configuration use in accordance with the RRC protocol. The baseband processor, in a dual radio (DR) mode, configures one of the first and second SIMs as a main SIM based on information on the first and second networks, allots the first RF resource to the main SIM, configures the other one as a sub-SIM, and allots the second RF resource to the sub-SIM.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition or a food composition comprising, as active ingredients, flavone-6-C-glucose derivatives or galenical extracts containing flavone-6-C-glucose derivatives. The composition of the present invention shows a functional effect of effectively treating or preventing cognitive dysfunction disorders such as delirium, dementia or amnesia, stroke, palsy, attention disorders, anxiety disorders or sleep disorders.

Abstract: The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, which comprises spinosin or a spinosin-containing herbal extract, is a composition for preventing and treating cognitive function disorders, and can effectively improve memory and learning ability, and effectively treat and prevent cognitive function disorders such as dementia and amnesia.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating learning disorders, memory disorders, Parkinson's disease, or ischemic cerebrovascular disease, which comprises a ginger extract or shogaol; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. And also, the present invention provides a food composition for improving learning disorders or memory disorders or alleviating the symptoms of learning disorders or memory disorders which comprises a ginger extract or shogaol as an active ingredient, or a food composition for improving learning or memory which comprises a ginger extract or shogaol as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, which comprises spinosin or a spinosin-containing herbal extract, is a composition for preventing and treating cognitive function disorders, and can effectively improve memory and learning ability, and effectively treat and prevent cognitive function disorders such as dementia and amnesia.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition or a food composition comprising, as active ingredients, flavone-6-C-glucose derivatives or galenical extracts containing flavone-6-C-glucose derivatives. The composition of the present invention shows a functional effect of effectively treating or preventing cognitive dysfunction disorders such as delirium, dementia or amnesia, stroke, palsy, attention disorders, anxiety disorders or sleep disorders.

Abstract: The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, which comprises spinosin or a spinosin-containing herbal extract, is a composition for preventing and treating cognitive function disorders, and can effectively improve memory and learning ability, and effectively treat and prevent cognitive function disorders such as dementia and amnesia.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising the extract of Prunella vulgaris L for preventing and treating ADHD and the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating learning disorders, memory disorders, Parkinson's disease, or ischemic cerebrovascular disease, which comprises a ginger extract or shogaol; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. And also, the present invention provides a food composition for improving learning disorders or memory disorders or alleviating the symptoms of learning disorders or memory disorders which comprises a ginger extract or shogaol as an active ingredient, or a food composition for improving learning or memory which comprises a ginger extract or shogaol as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A process for preparing a processed ginseng extract with enhanced pharmacological effects due to subsequent treatment is disclosed. The subsequent treatment includes an acid-treatment of ginseng and a bio-converting treatment, such as a lactic acid bacterial fermenting and an intestinal bacterial fermenting process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel use of the extract of processed ginseng extract having brain stroke protecting or treating activity. More particularly, the present invention relates to a processed ginseng extract with enhanced pharmacological effects due to subsequent treatment i.e., acid-treatment of ginseng and bio-converting treatment such as lactic acid bacterial fermenting and intestinal bacterial fermenting process. The processed ginseng extract in the present invention has preventing or treating effect for brain stroke. Therefore, it is useful in the prevention or treatment of brain stroke and brain diseases in human or mammal.