Abstract: A battery module includes a plurality of battery cells, with each of the battery cells including battery cell terminals and a battery cell vent. The battery module also includes reinforcement frame including a plurality of reinforcement frame connection vents in fluid communication with the battery cell vents and a reinforcement frame discharge vent in fluid communication with the reinforcement frame connection vents. A busbar module electrically connects the battery cell terminals.

Abstract: A tool mark generating apparatus for 3D digital conversion research according to an embodiment includes: a base plate; a vise portion located on the base plate to fix a target object at a position spaced from the base plate; and an operating portion configured to fix a tool on one side and apply an impact to the target object by moving the tool to form a pressed mark or perforation, wherein the operating portion includes: a step motor, a main screw, a nut, and a tool block that fixes at least one tool by inserting and securing the tool in a vertically aligned position.

Abstract: A cyclic draining and replenishing (CDR) antibody reaction apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a chamber part inside which an antibody solution is accommodated, and in which a blotting membrane that reacts with the antibody solution is arranged; and a spreader arranged on the blotting membrane in the chamber part, wherein the position of the spreader moves along the top of the blotting membrane.

Abstract: A pouch exterior material of a pouch-type battery capable of reducing battery swelling includes a resin layer located inside the pouch-type battery, a metal layer stacked on the resin layer, an insulating layer stacked on the metal layer, and a pattern layer of an elastic material formed on the insulating layer.

Abstract: Artificial blood for reproducing an expectorated blood spatter according to an embodiment includes maple syrup, water, and food coloring.

Abstract: A method of mathematically estimating the center of a position trajectory of an object generating a swing cast-off spatter includes obtaining position coordinates of a plurality of bloodstains to be analyzed, calculating collision angles of the plurality of bloodstains, generating straight lines based on the position coordinates and collision angles of the plurality of bloodstains, generating a triangle by selecting three of the generated straight lines, and generating an escribed circle of the triangle and calculating center coordinates and a radius length of the escribed circle.

Abstract: An exterior material for battery module or battery pack includes a metal layer including aluminum or an aluminum alloy and a fire extinguishing agent layer laminated on the metal layer and including a solid fire extinguishing agent for metal fires.

Abstract: A cyclic draining and replenishing (CDR) antibody reaction apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a chamber part inside which an antibody solution is accommodated, and in which a blotting membrane that reacts with the antibody solution is arranged; and a spreader arranged on the blotting membrane in the chamber part, wherein the position of the spreader moves along the top of the blotting membrane.

Abstract: A horizontal electrophoresis apparatus according to the present invention comprises a first electrode and a second electrode arranged at respective sides of an electrophoretic gel and each in close contact with one side of the electrophoretic gel. By using the first electrode and the second electrode each in close contact with one side of the electrophoretic gel, the horizontal electrophoresis apparatus enables electric current to flow across the entire cross section of the electrophoretic gel, and thus can prevent an electric current difference from occurring between the upper and lower ends of the electrophoretic gel and solve the problem of a reduction in the resolution of protein bands.