Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising an isolated form of a compound of Formula I or IA (e.g., anatabine or S-(?)-anatabine) or a salt thereof can be used to treat disorders comprising an inflammatory component, including chronic, low-level inflammation. Compounds of Formula I also can be provided, for example, in other vehicles such as beverage products and consumer products such as lotions and creams.

Abstract: Nutraceutical compositions containing anatabine and Yerba maté extract are efficacious for temporarily reducing the desire to smoke, reducing nicotine cravings, the treatment of smoking cessation, tobacco withdrawal symptoms, tobacco dependence, weight loss, and/or related disorders.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising an isolated form of a compound of Formula IB (e.g., R-(+)-anatabine) or a salt thereof can be used to treat disorders comprising an inflammatory component, including chronic, low-level inflammation. Compounds of Formula I also can be provided, for example, in other vehicles such as beverage products and consumer products such as lotions and creams.

Abstract: A method of curing tobacco comprises drying a harvested tobacco plant in a controlled environment for a time sufficient to substantially prevent the formation of at least one nitrosamine. The tobacco is first subjected to the controlled environment while at least a majority of the tobacco is in a green state. The resulting cured tobacco usually has tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) levels which are undetectable and are similar to levels found in freshly harvested, green tobacco.

Abstract: A method of curing tobacco comprises drying a harvested tobacco plant in a controlled environment for a time sufficient to substantially prevent the formation of at least one nitrosamine. The tobacco is first subjected to the controlled environment while at least a majority of the tobacco is in a green state. The resulting cured tobacco usually has tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) levels which are undetectable and are similar to levels found in freshly harvested, green tobacco.

Abstract: Nutraceutical compositions containing anatabine and Yerba maté extract are efficacious for temporarily reducing the desire to smoke, reducing nicotine cravings, the treatment of smoking cessation, tobacco withdrawal symptoms, tobacco dependence, weight loss, and/or related disorders.

Abstract: A method of curing tobacco comprises drying a harvested tobacco plant in a controlled environment for a time sufficient to substantially prevent the formation of at least one nitrosamine. The tobacco is first subjected to the controlled environment while at least a majority of the tobacco is in a green state. The resulting cured tobacco usually has tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) levels which are undetectable and are similar to levels found in freshly harvested, green tobacco.

Abstract: The present invention provides a group of tobacco alkaloids, tobacco extract, Yerbamaté extract, and an extract of chewing gum and lozenges which are modulators of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity (i.e., compounds and substances which inhibit MAO enzyme and prevent its biological activity). The MAO inhibitors of the present invention can cause an increase in the level of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in the brain and other tissues, and thus can cause a wide variety of pharmacological effects mediated by their effects on these compounds. The MAO inhibitors of the present invention are useful for a variety of therapeutic applications, such as the treatment of depression, disorders of attention and focus, mood and emotional disorders, Parkinson's disease, extrapyramidal disorders, hypertension, substance abuse, smoking substitution, anti-depression therapy, eating disorders, withdrawal syndromes, and the cessation of smoking.

Abstract: A smokeless tobacco product suitable for human consumption is prepared from powdered tobacco. In one aspect, the powdered tobacco has a collective content of N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N′-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) and N′-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) which is 0.3 &mgr;g/g or less. In another aspect, a smokeless tobacco product comprises powdered tobacco and from about 0.5 to about 15 wt % peppermint, from about 0.5 to about 15 wt % spearmint, from about 0.5 to about 15 wt % menthol, and from about 0.5 to about 15 wt % eucalyptus. The powdered tobacco can be prepared by pulverizing cured tobacco or, alternatively, from an aqueous extract of tobacco.

Abstract: A smokeless tobacco product suitable for human consumption is prepared from powdered tobacco. In one embodiment, the product comprises powdered tobacco and from about 0.5 to about 15 wt % peppermint, from about 0.5 to about 15 wt % menthol, and from about 0.5 to about 15 wt % wintergreen. In another embodiment, the product comprises powdered tobacco and from about 0.5 to about 15 wt % peppermint, from about 0.5 to about 15 wt % menthol, and from about 0.5 to about 15 wt % spearmint. The powdered tobacco can be prepared by pulverizing cured tobacco or, alternatively, from an aqueous extract of tobacco.

Abstract: A smokeless tobacco product suitable for human consumption can be prepared from an aqueous extract of cured tobacco. In one embodiment, the smokeless tobacco product comprises a solid tablet having at least 50 wt % powdered tobacco. The powdered tobacco preferably consists essentially of Virginia flue tobacco stems. The smokeless tobacco product optionally includes eucalyptus and/or propolis in an amount effective to remove bitterness from said powdered tobacco. The smokeless tobacco product preferably contains powdered tobacco having a collective content of N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N′-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) and N′-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) which is 0.1 &mgr;g/g or less, preferably 0.05 &mgr;g/g or less, more preferably 0.03 &mgr;g/g or less. The powdered tobacco preferably has a content of 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) which is 0.002 &mgr;g/g or less, preferably 0.001 &mgr;g/g or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a group of tobacco alkaloids, tobacco extract, Yerbamaté extract, and an extract of chewing gum and lozenges which are modulators of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity (i.e., compounds and substances which inhibit MAO enzyme and prevent its biological activity). The MAO inhibitors of the present invention can cause an increase in the level of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in the brain and other tissues, and thus can cause a wide variety of pharmacological effects mediated by their effects on these compounds. The MAO inhibitors of the present invention are useful for a variety of therapeutic applications, such as the treatment of depression, disorders of attention and focus, mood and emotional disorders, Parkinson's disease, extrapyramidal disorders, hypertension, substance abuse, smoking substitution, anti-depression therapy, eating disorders, withdrawal syndromes, and the cessation of smoking.

Abstract: The present invention provides a group of tobacco alkaloids, tobacco extract, Yerbamaté extract, and an extract of chewing gum and lozenges which are modulators of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity (i.e., compounds and substances which inhibit MAO enzyme and prevent its biological activity). The MAO inhibitors of the present invention can cause an increase in the level of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in the brain and other tissues, and thus can cause a wide variety of pharmacological effects mediated by their effects on these compounds. The MAO inhibitors of the present invention are useful for a variety of therapeutic applications, such as the treatment of depression, disorders of attention and focus, mood and emotional disorders, Parkinson's disease, extrapyramidal disorders, hypertension, substance abuse, smoking substitution, anti-depression therapy, eating disorders, withdrawal syndromes, and the cessation of smoking.

Abstract: A method of treating tobacco to reduce the content of, or prevent formation of, harmful nitrosamines which are normally found in tobacco is disclosed. The method includes the step of subjecting at least a portion of the plant, while the portion is uncured and in a state susceptible to having the amount of nitrosamines reduced or formation of nitrosamines arrested, to a controlled environment capable of providing a reduction in the amount of nitrosamines or prevention of the formation of nitrosamines, for a time sufficient to reduce the amount of or substantially prevent the formation of at least one nitrosamine, wherein the controlled environment is provided by controlling at least one of humidity, rate of temperature change, temperature, airflow, CO level, CO2 level, O2 level, and arrangement of the tobacco plant. Tobacco products and an apparatus for producing such tobacco products are also disclosed.

Abstract: A smokeless tobacco product suitable for human consumption is prepared from powdered tobacco. In one aspect, the powdered tobacco has a collective content of N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N′-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) and N′-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) which is 0.3 &mgr;g/g or less. In another aspect, a smokeless tobacco product comprises powdered tobacco and from about 0.5 to about 15 wt % peppermint, from about 0.5 to about 15 wt % spearmint, from about 0.5 to about 15 wt % menthol, and from about 0.5 to about 15 wt % eucalyptus. The powdered tobacco can be prepared by pulverizing cured tobacco or, alternatively, from an aqueous extract of tobacco.

Abstract: A smokeless tobacco product suitable for human consumption can be prepared from an aqueous extract of cured tobacco. In one embodiment, the smokeless tobacco product comprises a solid tablet having at least 50 wt % powdered tobacco. The powdered tobacco preferably consists essentially of Virginia flue tobacco stems. The smokeless tobacco product optionally includes eucalyptus and/or propolis in an amount effective to remove bitterness from said powdered tobacco. The smokeless tobacco product preferably contains powdered tobacco having a collective content of N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3 -pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N′-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) and N′-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) which is 0.1 &mgr;g/g or less, preferably 0.05 &mgr;g/g or less, more preferably 0.03 &mgr;g/g or less. The powdered tobacco preferably has a content of 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) which is 0.002 &mgr;g/g or less, preferably 0.001 &mgr;g/g or less.

Abstract: A method of treating tobacco to reduce the content of, or prevent formation of, harmful nitrosamines which are normally found in tobacco is disclosed. The method includes the step of subjecting at least a portion of the plant, while the portion is uncured and in a state susceptible to having the amount of nitrosamines reduced or formation of nitrosamines arrested, to a controlled environment capable of providing a reduction in the amount of nitrosamines or prevention of the formation of nitrosamines, for a time sufficient to reduce the amount of or substantially prevent the formation of at least one nitrosamine, wherein the controlled environment is provided by controlling at least one of humidity, rate of temperature change, temperature, airflow, CO level, CO2 level, O2 level, and arrangement of the tobacco plant. Tobacco products and an apparatus for producing such tobacco products are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a group of tobacco alkaloids, tobacco extract, Yerbamaté extract, and an extract of chewing gum and lozenges which are modulators of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity (i.e., compounds and substances which inhibit MAO enzyme and prevent its biological activity). The MAO inhibitors of the present invention can cause an increase in the level of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in the brain and other tissues, and thus can cause a wide variety of pharmacological effects mediated by their effects on these compounds. The MAO inhibitors of the present invention are useful for a variety of therapeutic applications, such as the treatment of depression, disorders of attention and focus, mood and emotional disorders, Parkinson's disease, extrapyramidal disorders, hypertension, substance abuse, smoking substitution, anti-depression therapy, eating disorders, withdrawal syndromes, and the cessation of smoking.

Abstract: The present invention provides a group of tobacco alkaloids, tobacco extract, Yerbamaté extract, and an extract of chewing gum and lozenges which are modulators of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity (i.e., compounds and substances which inhibit MAO enzyme and prevent its biological activity). The MAO inhibitors of the present invention can cause an increase in the level of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in the brain and other tissues, and thus can cause a wide variety of pharmacological effects mediated by their effects on these compounds. The MAO inhibitors of the present invention are useful for a variety of therapeutic applications, such as the treatment of depression, disorders of attention and focus, mood and emotional disorders, Parkinson's disease, extrapyramidal disorders, hypertension, substance abuse, smoking substitution, antidepression therapy, eating disorders, withdrawal syndromes, and the cessation of smoking.

Abstract: Methods of reducing the content of and preventing formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines in harvested leafy plants such as tobacco and marijuana, are disclosed. The methods are directed to subjecting the plant to microwave radiation, at appropriate times in the cure cycle. With tobacco, products suitable for human consumption, such as cigarettes, cigars, etc., can be made in accordance with the present invention, having contents of tobacco-specific nitrosamines on a par with fresh-cut, green tobacco. In preferred embodiments, the resultant tobacco products are dried, golden-yellow leaves having almost negligible amounts of the known carcinogens NNN and NNK, in comparison to conventionally cured tobacco.