Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a third insulating pattern and a first insulating pattern on a substrate, the third insulating pattern and the first insulating pattern being spaced apart from each other in a first direction that is perpendicular to the substrate such that a bottom surface of the third insulating pattern and a top surface of the first insulating pattern face each other, a gate electrode between the bottom surface of the third insulating pattern and the top surface of the first insulating pattern, and including a first side extending between the bottom surface of the third insulating pattern and the top surface of the first insulating pattern, and a second insulating pattern that protrudes from the first side of the gate electrode by a second width in a second direction, the second direction being different from the first direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a motor driving apparatus including: a motor; an inverter including a switching element for driving the motor; a controller for controlling the switching element; a resolver including an excitation winding and a detection winding; and a resolver chip applying an excitation signal to the excitation winding by inputting a periodic signal from the controller, and receiving a feedback signal from the detection winding, wherein the resolver chip determines the number of rotations of the motor based on a change in a pulse width of a detection signal resulting from a comparison between a voltage of the feedback signal and a preset voltage, and output a signal to the inverter for setting an inertial driving control mode according to the number of rotations of the motor in a failure state of the controller.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for excitation signal generation for a resolver. The apparatus includes a sine wave generator that generates a sine wave based on a square wave, an amplifier that amplifies the sine wave, a differential signal generator that converts, into a differential signal, the amplified sine wave, a driver that inputs the differential signal to a coil, and a processor that generates an excitation signal by increasing a voltage of the sine wave from a start voltage to a target voltage through at least one of the sine wave generator and the amplifier based on a transient current that flows into the coil in a transient response interval.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the purification of fluorinated olefins, in particular hexafluoro-1,3-butadiene, comprising a step wherein a liquid mixture comprising hexafluoro-1,3-butadiene in liquid phase is contacted with at least one adsorbent having an average pore size of less than 10 ?.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for the preparation of polyurethane foams comprising a step wherein a chemical compound with a low particle size releases a chemical and/or physical blowing agent by decomposition, polyurethane foams prepared by such processes as well as compositions comprising at least one polyol and a chemical compound with a low particle size capable of releasing a chemical and/or physical blowing agent by thermally- and/or chemically-induced degradation and uses of such compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to butter cream for making a cake and a method for preparing the same, and an exemplary embodiment according to the present invention may provide butter cream for making a cake, which may be prepared by adding first sugar to meringue having bubbles formed by whipping egg whites, preparing first sweetened meringue by whipping the mixture until a meringue cone is formed on the meringue, obtaining second sweetened meringue by adding sugar syrup, which is obtained by mixing water and second sugar and then heating the mixture, to the first sweetened meringue, and whipping the mixture; and adding butter to the second sweetened meringue, and then whipping the mixture until moisture is reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to butter cream for making a cake and a method for preparing the same, and an exemplary embodiment according to the present invention may provide butter cream for making a cake, which may be prepared by adding first sugar to meringue having bubbles formed by whipping egg whites, preparing first sweetened meringue by whipping the mixture until a meringue cone is formed on the meringue, obtaining second sweetened meringue by adding sugar syrup, which is obtained by mixing water and second sugar and then heating the mixture, to the first sweetened meringue, and whipping the mixture; and adding butter to the second sweetened meringue, and then whipping the mixture until moisture is reduced.