Abstract: The present disclosure provides a solution for a metal oxide semiconductor thin film, including metal hydroxides dissolved in an aqueous or nonaqueous solvent and an acid/base titrant for controlling solubility of metal hydroxides. A solution is synthesized to improve stability and semiconductive performance of a device through addition of other metal hydroxides. The solution is applied on a substrate and annealed by using various annealing apparatuses to obtain a high-quality metal oxide thin film at low temperatures. The thin film is optically transparent, and thus can be applied to thin films for various electronic devices, solar cells, various sensors, memory devices, and the like.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a solution for a metal oxide semiconductor thin film, including metal hydroxides dissolved in an aqueous or nonaqueous solvent and an acid/base titrant for controlling solubility of metal hydroxides. A solution is synthesized to improve stability and semiconductive performance of a device through addition of other metal hydroxides. The solution is applied on a substrate and annealed by using various annealing apparatuses to obtain a high-quality metal oxide thin film at low temperatures. The thin film is optically transparent, and thus can be applied to thin films for various electronic devices, solar cells, various sensors, memory devices, and the like.

Abstract: A method for treating surface of the phosphor particles, which comprises the steps of dispersing the phosphor particles in a solvent, separately dissolving a precursor of a surface-protecting material in a solvent, and combining the resulting dispersion and solution provides phosphor particles having an evenly coated layer of the surface-protecting material.

Abstract: A powder bed (32) is built up by repeated deposition of a slurry that contains powder. Layers are made by depositing a liquid dispersion of the desired powdered material, which then slip-casts into the forming powder bed to make a new layer (34). The slurry may be deposited in any suitable manner, such as by raster or vector scanning, or by a plurality of simultaneous jets that coalesce before the liquid slip-casts into the bed, or by individual drops, the deposits of which are individually controlled, thereby generating a regular surface for each layer.