Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a third insulating pattern and a first insulating pattern on a substrate, the third insulating pattern and the first insulating pattern being spaced apart from each other in a first direction that is perpendicular to the substrate such that a bottom surface of the third insulating pattern and a top surface of the first insulating pattern face each other, a gate electrode between the bottom surface of the third insulating pattern and the top surface of the first insulating pattern, and including a first side extending between the bottom surface of the third insulating pattern and the top surface of the first insulating pattern, and a second insulating pattern that protrudes from the first side of the gate electrode by a second width in a second direction, the second direction being different from the first direction.

Abstract: Provided is a personal authentication device based on an auditory brainstem response signal. The personal authentication device includes a signal generator, a signal acquirer, and a signal processor. The signal generator may output an auditory stimulus to an ear of a user, using a sound generator. The signal acquirer may acquire a first reference potential corresponding to a first interval, from a first electrode in close contact with the other ear of the user, and acquire a first evoked potential corresponding to the first interval from a second electrode in close contact with the ear, based on the first reference potential. The signal processor may generate a first auditory brainstem response signal, based on the first reference potential and the first evoked potential, generate authentication data for the user from the first auditory brainstem response signal, and compare the authentication data with registration data to authenticate the user.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device. The electronic device includes an impedance measuring unit including electrodes, that applies a first measurement signal of a first frequency to a user, obtains first biometric impedance data, based on first electrodes among the electrodes, and obtains second biometric impedance data, based on second electrodes among the electrodes, and a signal processor that extracts first feature data of the user, based on the first biometric impedance data and the second biometric impedance data. The first feature data may be based on a ratio between a value of the first biometric impedance data and a value of the second biometric impedance data.

Abstract: A biometric authentication apparatus is provided. The biometric authentication apparatus includes one or more converters that convert a transmit signal of an electrical signal into a vibration signal of a mechanical signal and transmit the vibration signal vibrating within a set frequency range to a user, one or more sensor that receive a biometric signal corresponding to the vibration signal from the user and convert the biometric signal into a receive signal of an electrical signal, an authentication module that extracts anatomical feature information of the user from the receive signal and determines whether the user is a registered user based on the anatomical feature information, and a memory that stores a database for the registered user. The biometric signal is a frequency-based signal modified to include the anatomical feature information while the vibration signal passes through at least a portion of the body of the user.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device. The electronic device includes an impedance measuring unit including electrodes, that applies a first measurement signal of a first frequency to a user, obtains first biometric impedance data, based on first electrodes among the electrodes, and obtains second biometric impedance data, based on second electrodes among the electrodes, and a signal processor that extracts first feature data of the user, based on the first biometric impedance data and the second biometric impedance data. The first feature data may be based on a ratio between a value of the first biometric impedance data and a value of the second biometric impedance data.

Abstract: Provided is a personal authentication device based on an auditory brainstem response signal. The personal authentication device includes a signal generator, a signal acquirer, and a signal processor. The signal generator may output an auditory stimulus to an ear of a user, using a sound generator. The signal acquirer may acquire a first reference potential corresponding to a first interval, from a first electrode in close contact with the other ear of the user, and acquire a first evoked potential corresponding to the first interval from a second electrode in close contact with the ear, based on the first reference potential. The signal processor may generate a first auditory brainstem response signal, based on the first reference potential and the first evoked potential, generate authentication data for the user from the first auditory brainstem response signal, and compare the authentication data with registration data to authenticate the user.

Abstract: Provided is a centrifugal device. The centrifugal device includes a centrifugal part configured to provide an intermediate chamber into which a centrifugal object is put and a driving part disposed on a rotation axis passing through the intermediate chamber.

Abstract: Provided is a biometric authentication system for authenticating a user. The biometric authentication system includes an input function generator generating an input function for determining a first time interval in a transmission interval in which an input signal is transmitted to a user, a second time interval in the transmission interval, a first frequency of the first time interval, and a second frequency of the second time interval, an input signal generator transmitting the input signal having the first frequency during the first time interval and the second frequency during the second time interval, to the user, based on the input function, and an authenticator acquiring a biometric signal generated in response to the input signal from the user and determining whether the user is authenticated based on the biometric signal.

Abstract: A blood glucose prediction method comprising: acquiring a PAS signal by irradiating light to skin of the body, obtaining a photoacoustic image of the skin from the PAS signal, selecting at least one measurement location based on the photoacoustic image; and predicting the blood glucose based on a photoacoustic spectrum of a PAS signal corresponding to the at least one measurement location among the PAS signals, a blood glucose sensor, and a blood glucose prediction system are provided.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for detecting biomaterial and method of detecting biomaterial. The method include providing a sample including a fluorescent material and a biomaterial on one surface of an ultrasound receiving unit, and measuring an ultrasonic wave generated by the fluorescent material by emitting light to the sample.

Abstract: Provided are a photo acoustic probe and a photo acoustic measurement device including the same. The photo acoustic probe includes a stage configured to receive a sample, a light source configured to provide light to the sample, a housing having an optical opening part and provided on the stage around the sample, a sound reception part disposed on one side inner wall of the housing to receive a sound induced from the sample, and a sound reflection part disposed in the optical opening part of the housing to transmit light and reflect sound to the sound reception part.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention include cell culture systems that include a cell culture plate operatively coupled to a plenum device. The plenum device includes a base component, one or more wall components configured to define a bounded volume, and one or more strain platens that are configured to support the cell culture plate when the cell culture plate is operatively coupled to the plenum device. In some instances, the plenum device includes a pressure modulator configured to provide a substantially uniform pressure in the bounded volume upon application of an external pressure source via an internal side opening in a wall component. Aspects of the invention further include system components and kits thereof, as well as methods of using the systems, e.g., in cell culture applications, which may include, e.g., candidate agent screening applications.