Abstract: A cylindrical secondary battery and a manufacturing method of a secondary battery are provided. A manufacturing method of a cylindrical secondary battery includes: winding an electrode assembly to expose a first electrode uncoated portion and a second electrode uncoated portion to opposite ends in a longitudinal direction; bending at least some portions of the first electrode uncoated portion and the second electrode uncoated portion of the electrode assembly in a direction by pressing the first electrode uncoated portion and the second electrode uncoated portion; welding electrode collector plates to ends of the bent first and second electrode uncoated portions; and inserting and sealing the electrode assembly into a cylindrical case.

Abstract: A drug conjugate, composition, and method for delivering active antimicrobials based on existing antibiotics through a hexose phosphate transporter (UhpT) by conjugating the antimicrobials with non-metabolizable hexose phosphates. Methods of co-administering antibiotics with non-metabolizable hexose phosphates as antimicrobials are also disclosed. Non-metabolizable hexose phosphates can constitutively and strongly induce expression of UhpT which significantly improves the efficacy and/or antimicrobial spectrum of antibiotics. This drug conjugate, composition and method will permit reuse of many FDA approved antibiotics that have been abandoned or fallen into disuse due to their current low efficacy and/or resistance to these antibiotics by pathogens.

Abstract: A novel assay which can differentiate a neutralizing antibody from non-neutralizing antibody which can be easily visualized, for example, by a portable UV lamp, among other visualization techniques. This assay can produce results in about 30 minutes and can be performed by untrained individuals in a non-laboratory environment. Also described is an ELISA method for determining if a human possesses at least one type of neutralizing antibody against SARS-Cov-2.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for generating a random number, which is performed by a computing device including at least one processor. The method for generating a random number may include: recognizing the number of detection times at which a single photon detector (SPD) detects a dark count; and generating a random number based on a bit value allocated to a section including the number of detection times among a plurality of sections.

Abstract: A method and composition for the production of sequence specific antimicrobials capable of overcoming inefficient delivery, narrow host range, and potential transfer of virulence genes by generalized transduction of phage-based delivery systems by integrating CRISPR/Cas9 system in the phage genome, removing major virulence genes from host chromosome, and expanding host specificity of phage by complementing tail fiber protein which significantly improves the efficacy and safety of CRISPR/Cas9 antimicrobials as alternative therapeutics. The method and composition provide an efficacious and safe CRISPR/Cas9 antimicrobial, broadly applicable to MRSA.

Abstract: There is provided an optical information recording apparatus comprising: a light source; a light modulator in which a reference beam pattern for converting a beam emitted from the light source into a reference beam and a signal beam pattern for converting the beam into a signal beam are formed and varies the reference beam pattern at the time of multiplexing and recording optical information; and a lens allowing optical information to be recorded in an optical information storage medium by means of interference between the reference beam and the signal beam when the signal beam and the reference beam emitted from the light modulator are irradiated to the optical information storage medium. Accordingly, in an optical information processing apparatus using a coaxial optical system, it is possible to more efficiently multiplex optical information and to enhance a storage density of holographic optical information.

Abstract: A holographic ROM system of the present invention includes a lens unit for filtering and collimating an output radiation diffracted from a holographic disk in order to produce an output data beam. The lens unit includes an objective lens for collimating the output radiation and a filtering film for filtering the output radiation. The objective lens and the filtering film are formed in a single body.

Abstract: A holographic ROM system of the present invention includes a holographic disk for storing information in a form of hologram; a pick-up module for optically reading the information stored in the holographic disk and producing an electrical signal in response to what has been read; and a control unit. The pick-up module has at least two light sources which are controlled by the control unit and a temperature measuring device for measuring an operating temperature of said at least two light sources, and the temperature measuring device transmits a temperature signal indicating the operating temperature to the control unit.

Abstract: A holographic apparatus including an actuated mirror includes a fixed body having a first piezo-actuator protrudingly installed thereat; a movable body rectilinearly movable and having a second piezo-actuator protrudingly installed thereat; a rotatable body mounting thereon a mirror and rotatably installed at the movable body; and springs for connecting the fixed body and the movable body and connecting the movable body and the rotatable body to enable a rotational movement of the rotatable body and a rectilinear movement of the movable body. A first prominence is installed at the movable body and in contact with a first piezo-actuator and a second prominence is installed at the rotatable body and in contact with a second piezo-actuator. Moreover, the first and the second piezo-actuators are controllable to be expanded or contracted.

Abstract: A holographic memory system includes a light source for generating a reference beam having a wavelength; and a photodetecting device for selectively detecting a reconstructed signal beam corresponding to the reference beam. The photodetecting device includes a band-pass filter for transmitting light of a wavelength band including the wavelength of the reconstructed signal beam while blocking light having a wavelength deviating from the wavelength band; and a photodetecting unit for detecting the light transmitted through the band-pass filter.

Abstract: A bare type holographic ROM disk is easily contaminated with a fingerprint of a user. Specifically, a radially outer surface of the disk has a higher contaminant level to be more contaminated than a radially inner surface thereof. An error correction capability on the radially outer surface can be increased by applying an error correction code having a larger parity on the radially outer surface.

Abstract: A holographic ROM system of the present invention includes a holographic disk for storing information in a form of hologram; a pick-up module for optically reading the information stored in the holographic disk and producing an electrical signal in response to what has been read; and a control unit. The pick-up module has at least two light sources which are controlled by the control unit and a temperature measuring device for measuring an operating temperature of said at least two light sources, and the temperature measuring device transmits a temperature signal indicating the operating temperature to the control unit.

Abstract: A holographic memory system includes a light source for generating a reference beam having a wavelength; and a photodetecting device for selectively detecting a reconstructed signal beam corresponding to the reference beam. The photodetecting device includes a band-pass filter for transmitting light of a wavelength band including the wavelength of the reconstructed signal beam while blocking light having a wavelength deviating from the wavelength band; and a photodetecting unit for detecting the light transmitted through the band-pass filter.

Abstract: In a cartridge for a storage medium, a storing part installed at the cartridge stores therein contents of data stored in the storage medium. A recorder is used for inputting the contents of data to the storing part. A display part installed at the cartridge displays thereon the contents of data stored in the storage medium. A control part controls the storing part and the display part. A power supply part supplies electric power to the control part.

Abstract: A disk cartridge of the present invention includes a cartridge shell for enclosing a rotatable disk, which has a top wall on which an access window is formed; a shutter member for closing and opening the access window, which is slidably coupled with the cartridge shell; and a shutter lock device. The shutter lock device selectively locks the shutter member in a closed position where the shutter member closes the access window.

Abstract: A holographic apparatus including an actuated mirror includes a fixed body having a first piezo-actuator protrudingly installed thereat; a movable body rectilinearly movable and having a second piezo-actuator protrudingly installed thereat; a rotatable body mounting thereon a mirror and rotatably installed at the movable body; and springs for connecting the fixed body and the movable body and connecting the movable body and the rotatable body to enable a rotational movement of the rotatable body and a rectilinear movement of the movable body. A first prominence is installed at the movable body and in contact with a first piezo-actuator and a second prominence is installed at the rotatable body and in contact with a second piezo-actuator. Moreover, the first and the second piezo-actuators are controllable to be expanded or contracted.

Abstract: A holographic data storage medium of the present invention includes a recording material layer for storing a hologram and a laser absorptive layer for absorbing a laser beam which passes through the recording material layer. The laser absorptive layer is formed above the recording material layer.

Abstract: An optical storage system of the present invention includes an optical storage medium and a pick-up head for reproducing information from the optical storage medium. The pick-up head has an optical lens and a lens protecting device for preventing a foreign material from adhering to the optical lens. The lens protecting device opens the optical lens of the pick-up head when the pick-up head reproduces the information from the optical recording medium.

Abstract: A holographic ROM system of the present invention includes a lens unit for filtering and collimating an output radiation diffracted from a holographic disk in order to produce an output data beam. The lens unit includes an objective lens for collimating the output radiation and a filtering film for filtering the output radiation. The objective lens and the filtering film are formed in a single body.

Abstract: A holographic storage system implements both a rotational and an angular multiplexings in combination. The system comprises a light source, a pair of wedge prisms, a beam splitter, a first, a second, a third and a parabolic mirrors, a SLM(spatial light modulator) and a storage medium. In the system, a light beam emitted from the light source is split into a reference and a signal beams by the beam splitter. The signal beam reflected by the first mirror to the SLM which modulates data in the firm of pages. The modulated signal beam falls into the storage medium, while the reference beam is reflected by the second mirror to the wedge prisms which deflect the reference beam to an arbitrary position on the third mirror. The deflected reference beam is reflected onto the parabolic mirror by the third mirror. The deflected reference beam is converged onto the storage medium by the parabolic mirror.