Abstract: A system for resolving discrepancies in map data includes one or more central computers in wireless communication with one or more vehicles. The one or more central computers are programmed to receive a first map dataset and a second map dataset. The one or more central computers are further programmed to receive a plurality of crowdsourced map datasets. Each of the plurality of crowdsourced map datasets represents the predefined geographical area. The one or more central computers are further programmed to compare each of the plurality of crowdsourced map datasets with the first map dataset and the second map dataset to determine one or more common lane lines. The one or more central computers are further programmed to determine a fused map dataset based on the first map dataset, the second map dataset, the plurality of crowdsourced map datasets, and the one or more common lane lines.

Abstract: A global positioning system (GPS)-bias detection and reduction system including a GPS-bias model having GPS statistical data creating a database representing data collected from a vehicle group having thousands or multiple thousands of vehicles saved in a database. At least one newly collected vehicle GPS data point is compared to the GPS statistical data to reduce negative effects of GPS-bias and to update the vehicle GPS-bias correction based on a previous GPS-bias model. A selected road node and a segment of a roadway have a map matching performed using a nearest service from a collection location of the GPS statistical data. A GPS-bias is calculated using a look-up of the database. An estimated horizontal position error (EHPE) defining a quality indicator is applied to distinguish a good quality GPS statistical data from a poor quality GPS statistical data.

Abstract: A vehicle system is provided for correcting in real-time a camera-based estimated position of a road object. The system includes a camera for generating an image input signal including image sensor data associated with the road object. The system further includes one or more input devices for generating a vehicle input signal including vehicle sensor data associated with a position, a speed, and a heading of the vehicle. The system further includes a computer, which includes one or more processors and a non-transitory computer readable medium (CRM) storing instructions. The processor is programmed to match the image sensor data and the vehicle sensor data to one another based on a common time of collection. The processor is further programmed to determine an error model and a deviation of a current camera-based position from a predicted position. The processor is further programmed to update the error model based on the deviation.

Abstract: A method of creating a high-definition (HD) map of a roadway includes receiving a multi-layer probability density bitmap. The multi-layer probability density bitmap represents a plurality of lane lines of the roadway sensed by a plurality of sensors of a plurality of vehicles. The multi-layer probability density bitmap includes a plurality of points. The method further includes recursively conducting a hill climbing search using the multi-layer probability density bitmap to create a plurality of lines. In addition, the method includes creating the HD map of the roadway using the plurality of lines determined by the hill climbing search.

Abstract: A method for merging lane line maps includes determining a road topology of a road segment. The method also includes identifying a plurality of fused points based at least in part on the road topology and based at least in part on a first lane line map of the road segment and a second lane line map of the road segment. The method also includes forming a fused lane line map based at least in part on the plurality of fused points. The method also includes performing a first action based at least in part on the fused lane line map.

Abstract: A method for crowd-sourcing lane line map data for a vehicle includes receiving a plurality of observations. The method also includes classifying the plurality of observations into a plurality of observation categories. Each of the plurality of observation categories includes at least one of the plurality of observations. The method also includes determining a plurality of aligned point clouds based at least in part on the plurality of observations. One of the plurality of aligned point clouds corresponds to each of the plurality of observation categories. The method also includes determining a plurality of lane line maps based at least in part on the plurality of aligned point clouds. One of the plurality of lane line maps corresponds to each of the plurality of aligned point clouds. The method also includes updating a map database based at least in part on the plurality of lane line maps.

Abstract: Provided are casting products for cooling heating elements, the casting products including: a body made of a metal material; and a cooling pipe providing a path through which a cooling fluid flows, and being made of an aluminum alloy material, wherein the body includes a plate-shaped plate portion, protrusion extensions protruding from the plate portion and extending along the cooling pipe so that at least part of the cooling pipe is fully buried, and a cooling pin structure formed integrally with the plate portion, and the cooling pipe is formed in such a way that a first pipe thickness of the cooling pipe having a cross-sectional shape in a first direction is greater than a second pipe thickness in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the first direction is in parallel to the plate portion, and the second direction is a thickness direction of the plate portion.

Abstract: A system for fusing two or more versions of map data together includes one or more central computers that receive road network data representing a road network for a predefined geofenced area. The central computers compute a plurality of points that are each positioned at a predetermined distance from one another. The central computers create a plurality of bounding boxes for the road network based on the plurality of points and create a set of closest matched map data points for each bounding box that is part of the road network by executing a map-matching registration algorithm to align the two or more versions of map data with one another. The central computers execute a maximum likelihood estimation algorithm to determine probability distribution parameters of the set of closest matched map data points compared to the ground truth map data.

Abstract: Provided are casting products for cooling heating elements, the casting products including: a body made of a metal material; and a cooling pipe providing a path through which a cooling fluid flows, and being made of an aluminum alloy material, wherein the body includes a plate-shaped plate portion, protrusion extensions protruding from the plate portion and extending along the cooling pipe so that at least part of the cooling pipe is fully buried, and a cooling pin structure formed integrally with the plate portion, and the cooling pipe is formed in such a way that a first pipe thickness of the cooling pipe having a cross-sectional shape in a first direction is greater than a second pipe thickness in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the first direction is in parallel to the plate portion, and the second direction is a thickness direction of the plate portion.

Abstract: A method includes receiving sensor data from a plurality of sensors of a plurality of vehicles. The sensor data includes vehicle GPS data and sensed lane line data of the roadway. The method further includes creating a plurality of multi-layer bitmaps for each of the plurality of vehicles using the sensor data, fusing the plurality of the multi-layer bitmaps of each of the plurality of vehicles to create a fused multi-layer bitmap, creating a plurality of multi-layer probability density bitmaps using the fused multi-layer bitmap, extracting lane line data from the plurality of multi-layer probability density bitmaps, and creating the high-definition (HD) map of the roadway using the multi-layer probability density bitmaps and the lane line data extracted from the plurality of multi-layer probability density bitmaps.

Abstract: An energy storage device may include an electrode assembly including electrodes and separators, wherein the electrodes and separators are alternately stacked in a vertical direction of the energy storage device; an external member accommodating the electrode assembly therein; and electrode leads joined to the electrodes provided in the electrode assembly, the electrode leads are provided in the external member, the electrodes include a positive electrode and a negative electrode, the electrode leads include: a positive electrode lead having one side joined to the positive electrode; and a negative electrode lead having one side joined to the negative electrode, first and second through holes are provided in upper and lower surfaces of the external member, respectively, in the vertical direction, and a portion of the positive electrode lead is provided to face the first through hole in the external member, and a portion of the negative electrode lead is provided to face the second through hole in the external

Abstract: A method for quantifying map errors includes receiving first map data and second map data. The method includes receiving a road topographic map. The method further includes dividing the road into road segments. The method further includes creating a plurality of bounding boxes for each of the plurality of road segments. The method includes creating a first map tile and a second map tile by filtering out the bounding boxes. The method includes executing point cloud registration to align the plurality of first data points in the first map tile with the plurality of second data points in the second map tile to determine a plurality of absolute offsets between the plurality of first data points and the plurality of second data points. The method includes determining a relative map error between the first map and the second map based on the absolute offsets.

Abstract: Provided is a synaptic array structure. The synaptic array structure includes: an isolation insulating layer positioned in a predetermined area on a semiconductor substrate to isolate devices; TFT-type synaptic devices arranged in an array on an isolation insulating layer; and CMOS peripheral circuits provided on the semiconductor substrate. The TFT-type synaptic device includes: a source and a drain positioned on the isolation insulating layer; a semiconductor body positioned between the source and the drain; oxide layers positioned between the semiconductor body and the source/drain; a semiconductor layer for channel; a TFT gate insulating layer; and a TFT gate electrode. The present invention, based on CMOS integration technology, processes TFT-type synaptic devices and CMOS peripheral circuits together, thereby reducing the number of masks and fabrication steps used during the fabricating process.

Abstract: A method and system of map data reconciliation in connected vehicles. The method includes processing information to detect a same object; determining an identification of the same object; determining a confidence level of the identification of the same object; determining a probability mass function (PMF) of the identification of the same object using Dempster-Shafer Theory; determining a most probably identification of the same object based on the PMF; and communicating the most probably identification of the same object to a vehicle to implement a vehicle function. The system includes a conflict resolution module configured to receive confidence levels from multiple vehicles detecting the same object and to determine a reconciled identification of the same object using an algorithm based on Dempster-Shafer Theory, and a weight calculation module configured to apply a weight function based on a scene context weight function and on a historical score of the vehicles.

Abstract: A capsulorhexis device is inserted into an incision site of a cornea to make an incision in an anterior capsule surrounding a crystalline lens. The capsulorhexis device includes a loop having elasticity and conductivity; a moving member having one end fixed and coupled to the loop; an insertion guide configured so that, while the incision is being made in the crystalline lens capsule, a front end thereof is inserted into the incision site of the cornea; and a housing having one end coupled to a rear end of the insertion guide, wherein the loop is housed in the housing and, to make the incision in the crystalline lens capsule, slides in the housing together with the moving member to pass through the insertion guide and be deployed into an anterior chamber of the eye.

Abstract: Disclosed are a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generation circuit and a lamp control system including the same. The PWM signal generation circuit includes a counting circuit configured to generate a counting signal, a pulse period control circuit configured to convert the counting signal into a first analog output signal and compare the first analog output signal with a first comparison voltage to generate a first output signal, a pulse width control circuit configured to convert the counting signal into a second analog output signal and to compare the second analog output signal with a second comparison voltage to generate a second output signal, and a control logic circuit configured to determine a period of a PWM signal based on the first output signal, determine a pulse width of the PWM signal based on the second output signal, and output the PWM signal having the period and the pulse width.

Abstract: Disclosed are a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generation circuit and a lamp control system including the same. The PWM signal generation circuit includes a pulse period control circuit configured to control charging and discharging of a first capacitor, and generate a first output signal related to a first number of times of charging of the first capacitor, a pulse width control circuit configured to control charging and discharging of a second capacitor, and generate a second output signal related to a second number of times of charging of the second capacitor, and a control logic circuit configured to determine a period of a PWM signal based on the first output signal, determine a pulse width of the PWM signal based on the second output signal, and output the PWM signal having the period and the pulse width.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pulse width modulation signal generation circuit including a charging control circuit connected to and located between a first node connected to a capacitor and a voltage line that supplies an operating voltage, a discharging control circuit connected to and located between the first node and ground, a comparison circuit that generates a comparison signal by comparing a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage with a voltage of the first node, and a control logic circuit that generates a pulse width modulation signal whose level changes based on a level change of the comparison signal and determines a level change timing for the activation of the charging control signal and the discharging control signal using the level change of the comparison signal; and a lamp control system including the pulse width modulation signal generation circuit.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an analog-to-digital converter that minimizes or prevents a loss of charges charged in a capacitor array by controlling a switching sequence of switches when switching phases. The analog-to-digital converter includes a DAC circuit including a CDAC circuit and a RDAC circuit, a comparator that compares an output voltage of the DAC circuit with a common mode voltage and outputs a comparison result, and a control logic circuit that controls a switch operation of the DAC circuit and the comparison operation of the comparator in a sampling phase and a comparison phase, outputs digital data based on the comparison result of the comparator, and controls switches that apply the common mode voltage and first and second reference voltages to the capacitor array in the CDAC circuit in response to that the sampling phase is switched to the comparison phase based on a specific switching timing sequence.