Abstract: A trellis encoder for trellis encoding a dual transmission stream. A first multiplexer selectively outputs one of a predetermined first bit of the dual transmission stream and a value stored in a first memory according to an external control signal. A first adder adds the value output from the first multiplexer to the value stored in the first memory, outputs the added value, and stores the added value in the first memory. A second multiplexer selectively outputs one of a predetermined second bit of the dual transmission stream and a value stored in a second memory according to the external control signal. A second adder adds the value output from the second multiplexer to the value stored in the second memory and stores the added value in a third memory. Thus, an initialization is effectively performed before trellis encoding is performed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for adsorption/desorption of lithium ions from brine, which employs a counter current decantation process in adsorption/desorption of lithium ions, thereby achieving an adsorption rate of 65±5% and a desorption rate of 95±3%. The method includes supplying brine into one of a plurality of adsorption reactors, adsorbing lithium ions to an adsorbent by supplying the adsorbent to the adsorption reactor to which the brine is supplied and forcing the brine and the adsorbent to sequentially flow backwards inside the respective adsorption reactors, and desorbing the lithium ions from the brine by forcing the adsorbent to which the lithium ions are adsorbed to sequentially flow backwards inside a plurality of desorption reactors. Here, the brine and the adsorbent are stirred by a stirrer to maintain the adsorbent in an intermediate state instead of settling or floating inside the respective adsorption reactors.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of preparing highly pure lithium carbonate from brine. The method includes adding an adsorbent to the brine, from which the magnesium ions Mg2+ have been removed, to adsorb lithium ions Li+ to the adsorbent, followed by providing the adsorbent having the lithium ions Li+ adsorbed thereto to a strong acid solution to desorb the lithium ions Li+ from the adsorbent; enriching the strong acid solution in which the lithium ions Li+ are desorbed from the adsorbent; and obtaining lithium carbonate Li2CO3 through chemical reaction between the lithium ions Li+ in the enriched solution and a carbonate precursor.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting transmission system processes dual transport stream (TS) including multi turbo streams. The digital broadcasting transmission system includes a turbo processor to detect a turbo stream from a dual transport stream (TS) which includes a multiplexed normal stream and a turbo stream, encoding the detected turbo stream and stuffing the encoded turbo stream into the dual TS; and a transmitter to trellis-encode the processed dual TS, and to output the resultant stream, wherein the turbo processor encodes the turbo stream using a plurality of turbo processors. Accordingly, a plurality of turbo streams may be processed in parallel.

Abstract: A digital broadcast transmitting/receiving system, and a signal processing method thereof, includes a randomizer for randomizing a transport stream into a specified position of which stuff bytes are inserted, a stuff-byte exchanger for replacing the stuff bytes included in data output from the randomizer with specified known data, an RS encoder for performing an RS-encoding of data output from the stuff-byte exchanger, an interleaver for interleaving data output from the RS encoder, a trellis encoder for performing a trellis encoding of data output from the interleaver, an RS parity generator for generating a parity by performing an RS encoding of data output from the RS encoder, and outputting the generated parity to the trellis encoder, and a modulator/RF converter for modulating data output from the trellis encoder and performing an RF up-converting of the modulated data.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus for manufacturing a silicon substrate for solar cells using continuous casting, which can improve quality, productivity and energy conversion efficiency of the silicon substrate. The apparatus includes a crucible unit configured to receive raw silicon and having a discharge port, a heating unit provided to an outer wall and an external bottom surface of the crucible unit and heating the crucible unit to form molten silicon, a casting unit casting the molten silicon into a silicon substrate, a cooling unit rapidly cooling the silicon substrate, and a transfer unit disposed at one end of the cooling unit and transferring the silicon substrate. The casting unit includes a casting unit body having a casting space defined therein to be horizontally connected to the discharge port, and an assistant heating mechanism that preheats the casting unit body to control a solidification temperature of the silicon substrate.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting transmission and/or reception system having an improved reception performance and a signal-processing method thereof. A digital broadcasting transmitter comprises a TRS encoder for to TRS-encode a MPEG-2 transmission stream having null data for inserting a Known data and a TRS parity at predetermined positions, randomizer to input and randomize data stream from the TRS encoder, a null packet exchanger to replace the null data for inserting the Known data to the known data, and an encoder for encoding a data streams to which the Known data is inserted. Accordingly, the present invention detects the known data from a signal received from a reception side and uses the detected known data for synchronization and equalization and further uses the TRS parity for correcting error of the received signal, so that the digital broadcasting reception performance can be improved at poor multipath channels.

Abstract: Disclosed is a digital broadcasting transmission/reception system having an improved reception performance and in a signal-processing method thereof. A digital broadcasting transmitter comprises a TS stream generator for inputting robust and normal packets having stuff bytes in predetermined positions and generating dual TS stream by inserting the robust packets between the normal packets; a randomizer for randomizing the dual TS stream; a stuff byte exchanger for replacing the stuff bytes of a randomized data streams from the randomizer to a predetermined known data; and an encoder for encoding a data streams to which the known data is inserted. Accordingly, the present invention detects the known data from a signal received from a reception side and uses the detected known data for synchronization and equalization, so that the digital broadcasting reception performance can be improved at poor multipath channels.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting transmission and/or reception system having an improved reception performance and a signal-processing method thereof. A digital broadcasting transmitter comprises a TRS encoder for to TRS-encode a MPEG-2 transmission stream having null data for inserting a Known data and a TRS parity at predetermined positions, randomizer to input and randomize data stream from the TRS encoder, a null packet exchanger to replace the null data for inserting the Known data to the known data, and an encoder for encoding a data streams to which the Known data is inserted. Accordingly, the present invention detects the known data from a signal received from a reception side and uses the detected known data for synchronization and equalization and further uses the TRS parity for correcting error of the received signal, so that the digital broadcasting reception performance can be improved at poor multipath channels.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for scanning channels of a broadcast receiver are provided. The channel scanning method includes determining whether to perform an entire channel scanning operation or a partial channel scanning operation in response to a channel scan command, if the entire channel scanning operation is determined to be performed, performing the entire channel scanning operation by scanning all channels and storing channel information regarding a channel in which a broadcast signal exists in a channel map, and if the partial channel scanning operation is determined to be performed, performing the partial channel scanning operation by scanning a channel which is not registered in a pre-created channel map, and storing channel information regarding the non-registered channel in which a broadcast signals exists in the non-registered channel map.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of producing high purity SiOx nanoparticles with excellent volatility and an apparatus for producing the same, which enables mass production of SiOx nanoparticles by melting silicon through induction heating and injecting gas to a surface of the molten silicon. The apparatus includes a vacuum chamber, a graphite crucible into which raw silicon is charged, the graphite crucible being mounted inside the vacuum chamber, an induction melting part which forms molten silicon by induction heating of the silicon material received in the graphite crucible, a gas injector which injects a gas into the graphite crucible to be brought into direct contact with a surface of the molten silicon, and a collector disposed above the graphite crucible and collecting SiOx vapor produced by reaction between the molten silicon and the injected gas.

Abstract: A digital broadcast transmitting/receiving system, and a signal processing method thereof, includes a randomizer for randomizing a transport stream into a specified position of which stuff bytes are inserted, a stuff-byte exchanger for replacing the stuff bytes included in data output from the randomizer with specified known data, an RS encoder for performing an RS-encoding of data output from the stuff-byte exchanger, an interleaver for interleaving data output from the RS encoder, a trellis encoder for performing a trellis encoding of data output from the interleaver, an RS parity generator for generating a parity by performing an RS encoding of data output from the RS encoder, and outputting the generated parity to the trellis encoder, and a modulator/RF converter for modulating data output from the trellis encoder and performing an RF up-converting of the modulated data.

Abstract: A method of resetting a trellis-coded modulation (TCM) encoder to a known state, the TCM encoder including a reset input that resets the TCM encoder to the known state when held at a reset level for a plurality of symbol clock cycles, the method including identifying an event to occur in the future that requires the TCM encoder to be reset to the known state; and holding the reset input of the TCM encoder at the reset level beginning the plurality of clock symbol cycles before a time the event will occur so that the TCM encoder will be reset to the known state immediately before the event occurs.

Abstract: Digital broadcasting transmission and reception devices and methods thereof are provided. The digital broadcasting transmission device includes a randomizer which randomizes a dual transport stream including a normal stream and a robust stream, a supplementary reference signal inserter which inserts a certain supplementary reference signal into a stuffing region included in the randomized dual transport stream, a Reed-Solomon (RS) encoder which adds a parity into a parity region included in the dual transport stream, a robust processor which configures a new dual transport stream by convolution-encoding the robust stream among the dual transport stream, an interleaver which interleaves the configured dual transport stream, a trellis encoder which trellis-encode the interleaved dual transport stream, and a modulator which transmits the trellis-encoded dual transport stream. Accordingly, a sub-channel can be provided in which the robust data and the supplementary reference signal will be transmitted.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting transmission and/or reception system having an improved reception performance and a signal-processing method thereof. A digital broadcasting transmitter comprises a TRS encoder for to TRS-encode a MPEG-2 transmission stream having null data for inserting a Known data and a TRS parity at predetermined positions, randomizer to input and randomize data stream from the TRS encoder, a null packet exchanger to replace the null data for inserting the Known data to the known data, and an encoder for encoding a data streams to which the Known data is inserted. Accordingly, the present invention detects the known data from a signal received from a reception side and uses the detected known data for synchronization and equalization and further uses the TRS parity for correcting error of the received signal, so that the digital broadcasting reception performance can be improved at poor multipath channels.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting reception apparatus and robust stream decoding method thereof. The digital broadcasting reception apparatus includes a robust decoder that decodes a robust stream of a dual transport stream where a normal stream and the robust stream are combined. The robust decoder includes a first decoder that trellis-decodes the robust stream; a robust deinterleaver that interleaves the trellis-decoded robust stream; a second decoder that convolution decodes the deinterleaved robust stream; a robust interleaver that interleaves the convolution-decoded robust stream; and a frame formatter that adds decoded data of the second decoder to a part that corresponds to a position of the robust stream of a frame where the normal stream and the robust stream are mixed. Accordingly, a receiver of a simple structure can be provided.

Abstract: A digital broadcast transmitting/receiving system, and a signal processing method thereof, includes a randomizer for randomizing a transport stream into a specified position of which stuff bytes are inserted, a stuff-byte exchanger for replacing the stuff bytes included in data output from the randomizer with specified known data, an RS encoder for performing an RS-encoding of data output from the stuff-byte exchanger, an interleaver for interleaving data output from the RS encoder, a trellis encoder for performing a trellis encoding of data output from the interleaver, an RS parity generator for generating a parity by performing an RS encoding of data output from the RS encoder, and outputting the generated parity to the trellis encoder, and a modulator/RF converter for modulating data output from the trellis encoder and performing an RF up-converting of the modulated data.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a thermal cracking resistant zeolite membrane and a method of fabricating the same. The method includes dissolving an alumina-based material, a silica-based material and sodium hydroxide in water to prepare an aqueous solution, stirring the aqueous solution to form a hydrothermal solution, preparing a slurry of zeolite seeds through wet-type vibration pulverization and centrifugal separation of zeolite powder, passing the zeolite seeds through a support by vacuum filtration such that the zeolite seeds can be infiltrated into an inner region of the support ranging from a depth of 3 ?m to a depth corresponding to 50% of a total thickness of the support, and immersing the support into the hydrothermal solution for hydrothermal treatment to grow a dense zeolite separation layer not only on the surface of the support but also on the inner region thereof.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting receiver and a stream processing method are provided. The digital broadcasting receiver includes a demodulator which demodulates a received transmission stream and an equalizer which equalizes the transmission stream, wherein the transmission stream includes at least one field which includes additional data stream packets and normal data stream packets, wherein the transmission stream is constituted such that at least a portion of packet data of the additional data stream packets is included in an area disposed in each packet of at least one of the normal data stream packets, and wherein the additional data stream packets are inserted into the area after being encoded and interleaved.

Abstract: Disclosed are nitride red phosphors and white light emitting diodes using the same. More particularly, the present invention provides a nitride red phosphor with easily controlled composition of phosphor fraction and improved uniformity and color gamut thereof, a method for preparation thereof, a white light emitting diode with excellent color rendition and high light emitting efficiency, and a white light emitting diode package using the same.