Abstract: An organic light emitting diode display according to an exemplary embodiment includes: a substrate; a first buffer layer on the substrate; a first semiconductor layer on the first buffer layer; a first gate insulating layer on the first semiconductor layer; a first gate electrode and a blocking layer on the first gate insulating layer; a second buffer layer on the first gate electrode; a second semiconductor layer on the second buffer layer; a second gate insulating layer on the second semiconductor layer; and a second gate electrode on the second gate insulating layer.

Abstract: A photonic crystal structure includes a nano structure layer including a plurality of nano particles of various sizes, and a photonic crystal layer on the nano structure layer. The plurality of nano particles are spaced apart from each other. The photonic crystal layer has a non-planar surface, and is configured to reflect light of a particular wavelength.

Abstract: A photonic crystal structure includes a nano structure layer including a plurality of nano particles of various sizes, and a photonic crystal layer on the nano structure layer. The plurality of nano particles are spaced apart from each other. The photonic crystal layer has a non-planar surface, and is configured to reflect light of a particular wavelength.

Abstract: A photonic crystal structure includes a nano structure layer including a plurality of nano particles of various sizes, and a photonic crystal layer on the nano structure layer. The plurality of nano particles are spaced apart from each other. The photonic crystal layer has a non-planar surface, and is configured to reflect light of a particular wavelength.

Abstract: An electron beam generator includes a cathode electrode; and a first insulating layer, a gate, a second insulating layer and a focusing gate sequentially on the cathode electrode. The cathode electrode, the first insulating layer, the gate, the second insulating layer and the focusing gate are individually separable from each other and combinable with each other.

Abstract: A negative active material, a negative electrode including the negative active material, a method of manufacturing the negative electrode, and a lithium battery including the negative electrode. The negative active material includes a composite including a non-carbonaceous material, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and carbon nanoparticles. The carbon nanoparticles are formed by carbonizing a polymer of carbonizable monomers.