Abstract: Disclosed is a stable liquid formulation, comprising an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof, an acetate buffer, glycine, and a surfactant, wherein the stable liquid formulation does not comprise at least one of sugar, a sugar alcohol and a metal salt, and the stable liquid formulation is still stable even upon high antibody content, and is superior in osmolality and viscosity, and subcutaneous administration thereof is possible.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stable liquid formulation, comprising an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof, an acetate buffer, glycine, and a surfactant, wherein the stable liquid formulation does not comprise at least one of sugar, a sugar alcohol and a metal salt, and the stable liquid formulation is still stable even upon high antibody content, and is superior in osmolality and viscosity, and subcutaneous administration thereof is possible.

Abstract: The present invention provides a stable liquid pharmaceutical formulation containing: an antibody or its antigen-binding fragment; a surfactant; a sugar or its derivative; and a buffer. The stable liquid pharmaceutical formulation according to the present invention has low viscosity while containing a high content of the antibody, has excellent long-term storage stability based on excellent stability under accelerated conditions and severe conditions, and may be administered subcutaneously.

Abstract: Provided is a method of providing an unmanned dialogue service according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. The method includes transmitting or receiving text message data constituting a dialogue to or from a user terminal, analyzing the dialogue and determining whether an abnormal situation has occurred, transmitting an assistance request including information regarding the dialogue to a human agent management apparatus when it is determined that the abnormal situation has occurred, receiving dialogue advancement guide information, which is a response to the assistance request, from the human agent management apparatus, wherein the dialogue advancement guide information is configured using input data of a human agent input to a human agent terminal connected to the human agent management apparatus and configured to receive a task for processing the assistance request allocated by the human agent management apparatus, and continuing the dialogue using the dialogue advancement guide information.

Abstract: Provided is a method of providing an unmanned dialogue service according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. The method includes transmitting or receiving text message data constituting a dialogue to or from a user terminal in an unmanned dialogue model, analyzing the dialogue to determine whether a counselor switching situation has occurred, transmitting a dialogue handover request including information regarding the dialogue to a counselor management apparatus when it is determined that the counselor switching situation has occurred, and automatically switching into a mode for relaying transmission or reception of messages between the user terminal and a counselor terminal that receives a task for processing the dialogue handover request allocated by the counselor management apparatus.

Abstract: Provided is a method of providing an unmanned dialogue service according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. The method includes transmitting or receiving text message data constituting a dialogue to or from a user terminal in an unmanned dialogue model, analyzing the dialogue to determine whether a counselor switching situation has occurred, transmitting a dialogue handover request including information regarding the dialogue to a counselor management apparatus when it is determined that the counselor switching situation has occurred, and automatically switching into a mode for relaying transmission or reception of messages between the user terminal and a counselor terminal that receives a task for processing the dialogue handover request allocated by the counselor management apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stable liquid formulation, comprising an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof, an acetate buffer, glycine, and a surfactant, wherein the stable liquid formulation does not comprise at least one of sugar, a sugar alcohol and a metal salt, and the stable liquid formulation is still stable even upon high antibody content, and is superior in osmolality and viscosity, and subcutaneous administration thereof is possible.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stable pharmaceutical formulation, comprising a fusion protein in which the extracellular ligand-binding domain of a human p75 tumor necrosis factor receptor is fused to the Fc domain of human IgG and a succinate buffering agent, without comprising a stabilizer. The stable pharmaceutical formulation enables the long-term storage of the TNFR-Fc fusion protein formulation and can exhibit superior storage stability without the need for demanding storage conditions, and is a simple formulation because no stabilizer is comprised therein and is thus more economical than other stabilizer-comprising formulations.

Abstract: Provided is a method of providing an unmanned dialogue service according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. The method includes transmitting or receiving text message data constituting a dialogue to or from a user terminal, analyzing the dialogue and determining whether an abnormal situation has occurred, transmitting an assistance request including information regarding the dialogue to a human agent management apparatus when it is determined that the abnormal situation has occurred, receiving dialogue advancement guide information, which is a response to the assistance request, from the human agent management apparatus, wherein the dialogue advancement guide information is configured using input data of a human agent input to a human agent terminal connected to the human agent management apparatus and configured to receive a task for processing the assistance request allocated by the human agent management apparatus, and continuing the dialogue using the dialogue advancement guide information.

Abstract: Provided is a method of providing an unmanned dialogue service according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. The method includes transmitting or receiving text message data constituting a dialogue to or from a user terminal in an unmanned dialogue model, analyzing the dialogue to determine whether a counselor switching situation has occurred, transmitting a dialogue handover request including information regarding the dialogue to a counselor management apparatus when it is determined that the counselor switching situation has occurred, and automatically switching into a mode for relaying transmission or reception of messages between the user terminal and a counselor terminal that receives a task for processing the dialogue handover request allocated by the counselor management apparatus.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit protects a gate oxide of elements in an internal circuit against ESD. During an ESD test, if the sum of driving voltages of ESD protectors connected between a power pad and a ground pad is higher than the gate oxide breakdown voltage of elements in the internal circuit, the structure of the ESD protector is changed or another ESD protector is additionally provided so as to protect the gate oxide of the elements in the internal circuit against ESD.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit protects a gate oxide of elements in an internal circuit against ESD. During an ESD test, if the sum of driving voltages of ESD protectors connected between a power pad and a ground pad is higher than the gate oxide breakdown voltage of elements in the internal circuit, the structure of the ESD protector is changed or another ESD protector is additionally provided so as to protect the gate oxide of the elements in the internal circuit against ESD.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit protects a gate oxide of elements in an internal circuit against ESD. During an ESD test, if the sum of driving voltages of ESD protectors connected between a power pad and a ground pad is higher than the gate oxide breakdown voltage of elements in the internal circuit, the structure of the ESD protector is changed or another ESD protector is additionally provided so as to protect the gate oxide of the elements in the internal circuit against ESD.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit protects a gate oxide of elements in an internal circuit against ESD. During an ESD test, if the sum of driving voltages of ESD protectors connected between a power pad and a ground pad is higher than the gate oxide breakdown voltage of elements in the internal circuit, the structure of the ESD protector is changed or another ESD protector is additionally provided so as to protect the gate oxide of the elements in the internal circuit against ESD.