Abstract: A three-dimensional, microscale-textured, grating-shaped organic solar cell geometry. The solar cells are fabricated on gratings to give them a three-dimensional texture that provides enhanced light absorption. Introduction of microscale texturing has a positive effect on the overall power conversion efficiency of the devices. This grating-based solar cell having a grating of pre-determined pitch and height has shown improved power-conversion efficiency over a conventional flat solar cell. The improvement in efficiency is accomplished by homogeneous coverage of the grating with uniform thickness of the active layer, which is attributed to a sufficiently high pitch and low height of the underlying gratings. Also the microscale texturing leads to suppressed reflection of incident light due to the efficient coupling of the incident light into modes that are guided in the active layer.

Abstract: Provided are microlens arrays for use on the substrate of OLEDs to extract more light that is trapped in waveguided modes inside the devices and methods of manufacturing same. Light extraction with microlens arrays is not limited to the light emitting area, but is also efficient in extracting light from the whole microlens patterned area where waveguiding occurs. Large microlens array, compared to the size of the light emitting area, extract more light and result in over 100% enhancement. Such a microlens array is not limited to (O)LEDs of specific emission, configuration, pixel size, or pixel shape. It is suitable for all colors, including white, for microcavity OLEDs, and OLEDs fabricated directly on the (modified) microlens array.

Abstract: A three-dimensional, microscale-textured, grating-shaped organic solar cell geometry. The solar cells are fabricated on gratings to give them a three-dimensional texture that provides enhanced light absorption. Introduction of microscale texturing has a positive effect on the overall power conversion efficiency of the devices. This grating-based solar cell having a grating of pre-determined pitch and height has shown improved power-conversion efficiency over a conventional flat solar cell. The improvement in efficiency is accomplished by homogeneous coverage of the grating with uniform thickness of the active layer, which is attributed to a sufficiently high pitch and low height of the underlying gratings. Also the microscale texturing leads to suppressed reflection of incident light due to the efficient coupling of the incident light into modes that are guided in the active layer.

Abstract: Nanoscale high-aspect-ratio metallic structures and methods are presented. Such structures may form transparent electrode to enhance the performance of solar cells and light-emitting diodes. These structures can be used as infrared control filters because they reflect high amounts of infrared radiation. A grating structure of polymeric bars affixed to a transparent substrate is used. The sides of the bars are coated with metal forming nanowires. Electrodes may be configured to couple to a subset of the rails forming interdigitated electrodes. Encapsulation is used to improve transparency and transparency at high angles. The structure may be inverted to facilitate fabrication of a solar cell or other device on the back-side of the structure. Multiple layered electrodes having an active layer sandwiched between two conductive layers may be used. Layered electro-active layers may be used to form a smart window where the structure is encapsulated between glass to modify the incoming light.

Abstract: Nanoscale high-aspect-ratio metallic structures and methods are presented. Such structures may form transparent electrode to enhance the performance of solar cells and light-emitting diodes. These structures can be used as infrared control filters because they reflect high amounts of infrared radiation. A grating structure of polymeric bars affixed to a transparent substrate is used. The sides of the bars are coated with metal forming nanowires. Electrodes may be configured to couple to a subset of the rails forming interdigitated electrodes. Encapsulation is used to improve transparency and transparency at high angles. The structure may be inverted to facilitate fabrication of a solar cell or other device on the back-side of the structure. Multiple layered electrodes having an active layer sandwiched between two conductive layers may be used. Layered electro-active layers may be used to form a smart window where the structure is encapsulated between glass to modify the incoming light.

Abstract: A metallic photonic crystal (MPC) structure used as a filter with incandescent lighting is presented that significantly improves efficiency, while retaining the desirable color rendering index of incandescent lighting. The resulting efficiency is higher than many existing lighting types. The MPC filter is implemented with only a single layer of square lattice or two layers of woodpile-like lattice has high reflection from the photonic band edge to infinitely long wavelength. The MPC filter can be used in a spherical, cylindrical or flat form depending on the illumination scheme.