Abstract: A flow path duct system for a propulsion system of an aircraft includes a base defining a flow surface. The base has an internal surface and an external surface. A plurality of perforations are formed through the base between the internal surface and the external surface. A plurality of supports define a plurality of cavities. The plurality of supports extend outwardly from the external surface of the of the base. One or more of the plurality of cavities are in fluid communication with the one or more of the plurality of perforations. A backing surface is secured to the plurality of supports. The plurality of supports are disposed between the base and the backing surface. The one or more of the plurality of cavities are in fluid communication with an internal volume defined by the internal surface of the base through the one or more of the plurality of perforations. The base, the plurality of supports, and the backing surface can be integrally formed together as a monolithic, load-bearing structure.

Abstract: Variable-porosity panel systems and associated methods. A variable-porosity panel system includes a panel assembly with an exterior layer defining a plurality of exterior layer pores and a sliding layer adjacent to the exterior layer and defining a plurality of sliding layer pores. The variable-porosity panel system additionally includes a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator configured to translate the sliding layer relative to the exterior layer to modulate a porosity of the panel assembly. The SMA actuator includes an SMA element configured to exert an actuation force on the sliding layer and at least partially received within an SMA element receiver of the sliding layer. The SMA element extends out of the sliding layer only at a sliding layer first end. A method of operating the variable-porosity panel system includes assembling the variable-porosity panel system and/or transitioning the panel assembly of the variable-porosity panel system among the plurality of panel configurations.

Abstract: A flow path duct system for a propulsion system of an aircraft includes a base defining a flow surface. The base has an internal surface and an external surface. A plurality of perforations are formed through the base between the internal surface and the external surface. A plurality of supports define a plurality of cavities. The plurality of supports extend outwardly from the external surface of the of the base. One or more of the plurality of cavities are in fluid communication with the one or more of the plurality of perforations. A backing surface is secured to the plurality of supports. The plurality of supports are disposed between the base and the backing surface. The one or more of the plurality of cavities are in fluid communication with an internal volume defined by the internal surface of the base through the one or more of the plurality of perforations. The base, the plurality of supports, and the backing surface can be integrally formed together as a monolithic, load-bearing structure.

Abstract: Variable-porosity panel systems and associated methods. A variable-porosity panel system includes a panel assembly with an exterior layer defining a plurality of exterior layer pores and a sliding layer adjacent to the exterior layer and defining a plurality of sliding layer pores. The variable-porosity panel system additionally includes a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator configured to translate the sliding layer relative to the exterior layer to modulate a porosity of the panel assembly. The SMA actuator includes an SMA element configured to exert an actuation force on the sliding layer and at least partially received within an SMA element receiver of the sliding layer. The SMA element extends out of the sliding layer only at a sliding layer first end. A method of operating the variable-porosity panel system includes assembling the variable-porosity panel system and/or transitioning the panel assembly of the variable-porosity panel system among the plurality of panel configurations.

Abstract: Variably porous panels and panel assemblies incorporating shape memory alloy components along with methods for actuating the shape memory alloys are disclosed to predictably alter the porosity of a substrate surface, with the shape memory alloy maintained in an orientation relative to the panel that is in-plane with a mold-line of the panel outer surface.

Abstract: A flow path duct system for a propulsion system of an aircraft includes a base defining a flow surface. The base has an internal surface and an external surface. A plurality of perforations are formed through the base between the internal surface and the external surface. A plurality of supports define a plurality of cavities. The plurality of supports extend outwardly from the external surface of the of the base. One or more of the plurality of cavities are in fluid communication with the one or more of the plurality of perforations. A backing surface is secured to the plurality of supports. The plurality of supports are disposed between the base and the backing surface. The one or more of the plurality of cavities are in fluid communication with an internal volume defined by the internal surface of the base through the one or more of the plurality of perforations. The base, the plurality of supports, and the backing surface can be integrally formed together as a monolithic, load-bearing structure.

Abstract: Variably porous panels and panel assemblies incorporating shape memory alloy components along with methods for actuating the shape memory alloys are disclosed to predictably alter the porosity of a substrate surface, with the shape memory alloy maintained in an orientation relative to the panel that is in-plane with a mold-line of the panel outer surface.