Abstract: A clamping apparatus for joining two flanges by means of clamping members circumferentially spaced around the flanges and radially forced inwardly to engage and compress the two flanges in a clamping space of the clamping members includes a clamping roller chain extending around the clamping members with the clamping rollers engaging the outer surfaces of the clamping members which are supported independently of the clamping chain by a support ring in such a manner as to be freely movable in radial direction but under the control of an operating rim which engages all the clamping members for simultaneous radial movement and a tensioning structure for the clamping roller chain which is associated with said guide rim for forcing said clamping members inwardly into firm engagement with said flanges or releasing the clamping members and moving them outwardly out of engagement with the flanges.

Abstract: For the in situ analysis of marine ore concretions, ore samples are aspirated from the sea floor and introduced in a sample container aboard a carrier body travelling underwater along and in the vicinity of the sea floor. While in the sample container, the ore concretions are exposed to radioactive rays for inducing a secondary radiation emanating from the ore concretions. The secondary radiation is measured for determining the quantity of the individual elements contained in the ore concretions.