Abstract: In order to detect attempted interventions in the vicinity of a smart card, a sensor hierarchy is used. Abnormal operating states are first detected by less sensitive sensors that are connected upstream and which then activate sensors which are connected downstream and have a relatively high degree of sensitivity, or increase the sensitivity of sensors connected downstream.

Abstract: In order to detect attempted interventions in the vicinity of a smart card, a sensor hierarchy is used. Abnormal operating states are first detected by less sensitive sensors that are connected upstream and which then activate sensors which are connected downstream and have a relatively high degree of sensitivity, or increase the sensitivity of sensors connected downstream.

Abstract: The copy protection system is a combination of a signature method and a coding or encryption method that uses a variable key. The data set is written only onto a predetermined device and it is released to a host for reading and deciphering only upon proper authorization. Copying of the encrypted data set is entirely useless, because the dataset is signed with a unique identification (e.g. the serial number) of the device.

Abstract: In order to be able to execute rapid processing of a program on super-scalar microprocessors, the individual instructions of this program must be divided into instruction groups, which can be processed by processing units of the microprocessor, in such a way that the instructions can be processed in parallel. In this case, it is necessary to take account of data-flow dependences and control-flow dependences as well as pipeline conflicts. For this purpose, the first step is to select the instructions whose precursor instructions have already been processed and to investigate these instructions as to whether before their execution a minimum number of delay cycles is necessary, and the instructions are stored with a minimum number in a list. From these instructions, one is selected using a heuristic selection process, and this one is classified into an instruction group in which the instruction can be processed in the earliest possible execution cycle.