Abstract: Instrumentation for sensing the test values at test samples, using a mechanical sensor moving relative to the test sample and consisting of a housing fixed part and of a movable, articulating multi ball and socket part connected to the housing fixed part and at least one test value transmitter. A trigger signal is generated in the instrumentation at the instant of impact between sensor and test sample and is stored to record the test value present at the time of impact at the test value transmitter.At least one force or acceleration pickup (12,23,24,30) is provided which is mounted on the housing fixed part (2) of the sensor (5) and delivers the trigger signal.

Abstract: A system for one dimensional or multi-dimensional modulation of light proportional to the path, angle or speed, preferably the photoelectric signal analysis of the movement of an object carrier in an interferometer. At least three consecutive diffraction processes take place in the optical path of which one starts from a point and of which the last condenses the light bundles into at least two points. The light bundles are guided in the same direction of diffraction fulfilling the coherence condition where the surfaces of diffraction are spaced relatively far apart and do not use imaging optics.