Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for mono-, di- or trichromatic dyeing or printing of natural or synthetic polyamide fiber materials, these processes utilizing a) blue-dyeing dye mixture, b) a red-dyeing dye mixture and/or c) a yellow-dyeing dye mixture, and also blue-dyeing, red-dyeing and yellow-dyeing dye mixtures and processes for their preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for mono-, di- or trichromatic dyeing or printing of natural or synthetic polyamide fiber materials, these processes utilizing a) blue-dyeing dye mixture, b) a red-dyeing dye mixture and/or c) a yellow-dyeing dye mixture, and also blue-dyeing, red-dyeing and yellow-dyeing dye mixtures and processes for their preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reactive dyes of the general formula (1) where Y is a heterocyclic reactive group of the general formula (2) or (3) where X1 to X5 are each as defined in claim 1, processes for their preparation and their use for dyeing and printing hydroxyl- and/or carboxamido-containing materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for mono-, di- or trichromatic dyeing or printing of natural or synthetic polyamide fiber materials, these processes utilizing a) blue-dyeing dye mixture, b) a red-dyeing dye mixture and/or c) a yellow-dyeing dye mixture, and also blue-dyeing, red-dyeing and yellow-dyeing dye mixtures and processes for their preparation.

Abstract: Reactive azo dyes, preparation thereof and use thereof

Abstract: The present invention relates to reactive dyes of the general formula (1) 1

Abstract: An optoelectronic device for detecting labels with defined contrast patterns includes a transmitter for emitting light rays, a receiver for receiving light rays, as well as a deflection unit with a motor-driven polygonal mirror wheel. The transmitted light rays and the received light rays are guided over the polygonal mirror wheel in order to scan the labels and reassemble the label-reflected received light rays, respectively. The device furthermore is provided with an evaluation unit for evaluating electrical receiving signals converted from received light rays at the receiver. The motor for driving the polygonal mirror wheel has a drive shaft and is provided with a magnet that is an injection-molded part, which is formed onto the shaft and operates jointly with at least one coil.

Abstract: An optoelectronic device for detecting marks having defined contrast patterns includes a transmitter for emitting transmitted light beams having a wavelength &lgr; in a range of 350 nm ≦&lgr;≦450 nm. A transmission lens is located downstream of the transmitter. A receiver is provided for receiving received light beams and generating reception signals corresponding to the received light beams. A receiving lens is located upstream of the receiver and has an area AC of less than or equal to 5 cm2. A guiding mechanism guides the transmitted light beams at the marks and the reflected light beams from the marks as received light beams to the receiver. An evaluation unit is coupled to an output of the receiver for evaluating the reception signals.

Abstract: An optoelectronic apparatus for detecting objects in a monitored region includes a transmitter that emits transmission light, a receiver that receives a reflected light, and an evaluation unit, in which the transit time to of the transmission light that is guided in the monitored region and reflected back, as a reflected light, by an object is evaluated. The transmitter emits the transmission light in the form of a sequence of transmission light pulses. A portion of the light quantity of a transmission light pulse is coupled out as a reference transmission light pulse and guided by way of a reference path to the receiver. The transit time tR of the reference transmission light pulse guided as a reference reflected light pulse to the receiver is determined in the evaluation unit. The transit-time difference to−tR is used to determine the distance of an object.

Abstract: An apparatus for concentrating and solidifying a salt solution includes a vessel for containing the salt solution having an exposed surface, the vessel having a generally open upper portion, a cover for sealing the generally open upper portion of the vessel and having a generally hood shaped portion, the cover including at least one inlet conduit for admitting the salt solution to the vessel and a discharge conduit for vapor, and a magnetron for generating microwaves for heating the solution in the vessel. A microwave waveguide is disposed between the magnetron and the vessel and incorporates the cover, for directing microwaves from the magnetron into the vessel, the waveguide transitioning within the cover from the generally hood shaped portion into a horn having a variable cross-section and/or variable vertical spacing with respect to the vessel. This structure enables microwaves to be radiated directly onto the exposed surface of the salt solution in the vessel.

Abstract: An optoelectronic device for identifying a mark having a defined contrast pattern includes a transmitting element for emitting a beam of transmitted light. A deflector unit periodically guides the transmitted light beam over the mark. A receiving element receives the transmitted light beam after being reflected by the mark and produces an analog received signal which exhibits an amplitude modulation impressed by the contrast pattern of the mark and is dependent on the spatial intensity distribution of the transmitted light beam. An n-bit analog-digital converter has a word width greater than 1 for converting the analog received signal into a digital received signal. A digital filter includes an input for receiving the digital received signal.

Abstract: An optoelectronic device for recognizing marks provided with defined contrast patterns includes a transmitting element that transmits a light beam and a receiving element. The beam of transmitted light is guided across the marks, and the received beam of light reflected from a mark exhibits an amplitude modulation which is impressed by the contrast of the mark and is dependent on the spatial course of intensity of the transmitted light beam. The received light in the receiving element is converted into an analog received signal. The analog received signal is converted, in an n-bit analog/digital converter, into a digital received signal which is supplied to a digital filter whose transmission characteristic is essentially equivalent to the inverse of the frequency spectrum of the spatial distribution of intensity of the transmitted light beam at the location of the mark.

Abstract: An optoelectronic apparatus is provided for identifying marks comprised of defined contrast patterns, particularly barcode symbols. The device includes a transmitting element which emits transmitted light and a receiving element. The transmitted light is guided across the marks, and the received light reflected by the marks has an amplitude modulation imposed by the contrast of the marks, with the received light being converted into a voltage signal that forms the received signal in the receiving element. The voltage signal is converted into a binary signal and filtered by an arrangement of digital filters for compensation component stipulated distortions prior to being fed to a threshold-value unit for evaluation of the contrast pattern.

Abstract: A method and a device for cleaning in particular of oxide substrates is proposed, the substrates being extracted from a quantity of extremely pure water after pre-cleaning. The temperature of the substrate and the extraction velocity from the water are so selected that a water film extending from the water surface runs off evenly.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing an array of thin-film solar cells so that the individual solar cells are electrically connected in series. Individual solar cells are manufactured by depositing and structuring the layers required by each solar cell on a large-area substrate. According to the invention, a first electrode layer is structured before subsequent layers, including a semiconductive material layer and a second electrode layer, are deposited. Preferably, the structures of the subsequently deposited layers are determined by simultaneously applying material in paste form to the first electrode layer.

Abstract: In order to be able to check whether or not a glow procedure is executed properly, i.e. reproducibly, the temporal course of the formation of characteristic stable reaction products is traced mass spectrometrically.

Abstract: A thin film solar cell is proposed, in which the surface of the semiconductor layer (20) facing the front contact (28) is designed as an inversion layer, which can be tunnelled through by the charge carriers electrons and holes.

Abstract: In order to provide an uncomplicated and economical front surface contact for photovoltaic cells (10) with good current discharge capability and high radiation permeability, the front surface contact (20) is composed of several layer (22, 24, 26) which are essentially unaligned with respect each other. The layers (22, 24, 26) are composed of different materials, which guarantes good ohmic coupling to the light incident semiconductor layer, good collection of free charge carriers in the semiconductor layer, and good discharge of same to a load device.

Abstract: A contact system for thin film solar cells, which guarantees that charge carrier transport without a barrier layer takes place from the semiconductor layer facing the light source to the front contact in such a manner that, among others, long term negative influences by the front contact on the semiconductor layer will not take place. To this end the front contact is rendered passive against the semiconductor layer by modifying its chemical potential, at least in the actual contact area, to be matched to the chemical potential of the semiconductor layer, or by forming a chemically inert system acting as a reaction barrier between the front contact and the semiconductor layer.