Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to compositions of and methods for live viruses. In certain embodiments, a live, attenuated virus composition includes, but is not limited to, one or more live, attenuated viruses and compositions to reduce inactivation and/or degradation of the live, attenuated virus. In other embodiments, the live, attenuated virus composition may be a vaccine composition. In yet other compositions, a live, attenuated virus composition may include at least one carbohydrate, at least one protein and at least one high molecular weight surfactants for reducing inactivation and/or degradation of the live, attenuated virus.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention report compositions and methods for vaccinating a subject against dengue viruses. In some embodiments, vaccine compositions may be administered by intradermal introduction. In certain embodiments, intradermal introduction in a subject of a vaccine against dengue virus may include one or more intradermal boosts after initial vaccination. Other embodiments include intradermal injection of a vaccine composition against dengue virus wherein the composition provides protection against two or more of DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to compositions of and methods for live viruses. In certain embodiments, a live, attenuated virus composition includes, but is not limited to, one or more live, attenuated viruses and compositions to reduce inactivation and/or degradation of the live, attenuated virus. In other embodiments, the live, attenuated virus composition may be a vaccine composition. In yet other compositions, a live, attenuated virus composition may include at least one carbohydrate, at least one protein and at least one high molecular weight surfactants for reducing inactivation and/or degradation of the live, attenuated virus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method to immunize an animal against a heterologous antigen. The method includes the step of administering to the animal, by an intranasal route, a conjunctival route, or a combination thereof, a composition comprising a recombinant raccoon poxvirus having a nucleic acid molecule encoding such a heterologous antigen. Animals to be immunized include those that are susceptible to such routes of recombinant raccoon poxvirus administration. Preferred animals to immunize include felids. Preferably, any immune response generated by the animal against viral antigens of the recombinant raccoon poxvirus is sufficiently small so as to not prevent the animal from eliciting an immune response to a heterologous antigen encoded by a recombinant raccoon poxvirus subsequently administered to the animal.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting picornavirus disease in non-murine mammals is disclosed. A vaccine containing a live, recombinant, attenuated picornavirus with a shortened poly(C) tract is administered to the mammal. Preferably, the picornavirus in the vaccine is of the same genus as the disease-causing picornavirus and has a shortened poly(C) tract. The administration of the vaccine causes antibodies effective against the disease-causing picornavirus to be formed in vivo. In one embodiment of the invention, a vaccine containing Mengovirus with a shortened poly(C) tract can be used as a vaccine for both pigs and monkeys.