Abstract: A compound is provided having the means of intumescence at temperatures above 195° C. to 220° C. The compound is an intumescent powder defined by the molar ratios (2.20 to 3.70) SiO2/(0.20 to 0.35) Li2O: (0.65 to 0.80)(Na2O+K2O) where the coefficients of Li2O and of (Na2O+K2O) total 1.00 and thermoplastic material having a plastic state at less than 195° C. If the thermoplastic contains a halogen, as does Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) the halogen acts as a flame retardant in the event of combustion and prevents complete burning of the plastic. If there is as filler mixed with the compound which is endothermic this assists with the fire retardant effect of the compound.

Abstract: An intumescent powder where the molar ratio of SiO2 to Li2O+Na2O+K2O is between 2.20 to 3.70 to 1.00 and the molar ratio of Li2O to Li2O+Na2O+K2O is 0.20 to 0.35 has an intumescent point of 195° C. or higher and thus will not prematurely intumesce if mixed with another material at temperatures below 195° C. The powder as used is usually dried to 8-12% by weight to moisture for most purposes is ground to 50 to −500 microns. Preferred methods of manufacture comprise taking a source of lithium hydroxide or lithium silicate and a source of sodium silicate to create a powder with ratios as outlined above.

Abstract: An intumescent powder where the molar ratio of SiO2 to Li2O +Na2O+K2O is between 2.20 to 3.70 to 1.00 and the molar ratio of Li2O to Li2O+Na2O+K2O is 0.20 to 0.35 has an intumescent point of 195° C. or higher and thus will not prematurely intumesce if mixed with another material at temperatures below 195° C. The powder as used is usually dried to 8-12% by weight to moisture for most purposes is ground to 50 to −500 microns. Preferred methods of manufacture comprise taking a source of lithium hydroxide or lithium silicate and a source of sodium silicate to create a powder with ratios as outlined above.

Abstract: A compound is provided having the means of intumescence at temperatures above 195° C. to 220° C.

Abstract: Link for chain having an extent about an aperture defines a section which is wider near the inside with the section being usually concave outward on each side. A junction link comprises a C member and a bridging member with a cross section generally similar to the link A method of assembling the bridging member to the C member involves providing two pairs of aligned apertures. In each pair a rivet like member with a head end and a free end has its free end inserted through the aligned apertures, after which a head is formed on the free end by arc welding.

Abstract: Link for chain having an extent about an aperture defines a section which is wider near the inside with the section being usually concave outward on each side, A junction link comprises a C member and a bridging member with a cross section generally similar to the link. A method of assembling the bridging member to the C member involves providing two pairs of aligned apertures. In each pair a rivet like member with a head end and a free end has its free end inserted through the aligned apertures, after which a head is formed on the free end by arc welding.

Abstract: A bridge-link and base replace a kiln hanger for chains. The base is welded to the kiln and is provided with translation surfaces to allow a bridge link to be mounted thereon. The bridge-link may be mounted with a chain link pre attached. The bridge link is mounted to receive almost all wear in use by comparison with the base. When a bridge-link is worn it may easily be removed and replaced.

Abstract: A core for fire doors comprises hydrated gypsum occupying about 40% to 46% of the core volume and bubbles occupying almost all the core volume which is not gypsum. The bubbles preferably comprise about 31% to 38% by volume of larger bubbles of between 1 and 4 mm and about 17% to 25% of smaller bubbles between 0.01 mm and 0.25 mm. The larger bubbles are formed using styrene spheroids.

Abstract: The repair link is a C-shaped member and a junction member, the junction member having enlarged tongues with narrower roots and the C shaped member is complementary. Welding to hold the junction member in place preferably is caused to adhere to the C-shaped member rather than the junction member.

Abstract: A method of assembling a rotary kiln that has steel plates lining the kiln which overlie an insulation layer, and which are mounted on hangers projecting through the plates.

Abstract: A rotary kiln assembly has steel plates lining the kiln are mounted on hangers projecting through the plates and overlie an insulation layer.

Abstract: A shackle of cast metal defines a threaded bore for a cast pin. The shackle is specially shaped to define a circular locus for a joined link whether said link contacts shackle body, ear or pin.

Abstract: A chain link has two U-shaped portions designed to interfit to provide a complete link. An end of each of the portions is connected to that of the other portion by a twisting advance. The other end of each portion is designed to provide abutting faces which are juxtaposed after each twisting advance. Attaching means connect the abutting faces to prevent removal in the reverse pattern to such twisting advance.

Abstract: A chain for use on rotary kiln type devices has a plurality of flat area links each with flat areas and loops at each end joined by connector loops. The loops are defined by extensions from each side of the flat area with the extensions defining an opening which at their junction has a smaller inside radius of curvature than the radius of curvature of the contacting portion of said connector links, causing the flat area links to hang with their flat areas parallel to each other and perpendicular to the median plane of said connector links.

Abstract: A chain for use with kilns defines links, each with a flat area. The connection between the links is such that the flat areas in adjacent links tends to align with each other in the hanging attitude of the chain whereby the chain may be hung with the flat areas facing axial flow of materials in the kiln and acting as an impediment thereto. Arrays of such chains are hung from the wall of the kiln to collectively impede the flow of gas-borne particulate material.

Abstract: A long rotary kiln which slopes and wherein the particulate material travels downwardly from the inlet toward the outlet end and counter flowing gas travels upwardly therethrough, is provided with a preheater between the inlet end and the main operational zone. The preheater provides lifting devices at its end farthest from the inlet to deposit the particulate material in the gas stream, and an impingement separator zone at its end nearest the inlet to cause the particulate material to lose its momentum and fall from the gas.

Abstract: A mounting device for kiln hardware comprises two standards connected to the kiln wall and projecting inwardly through the refractory. One standard is connectable to the hardware through a removable pin. The hardware and the other standard are provided with cooperating means which prevent rotation of the hardware about the pin when the pin is installed. The members are designed so that removal of the pin allows removal and replacement of the hardware.

Abstract: In a shackle the shackle arms are bored to receive a pin and the pin and the bore through which the pin first enters, are shaped so that a plate, initially convex toward the pin may be flattened over the end of the pin and anchor itself in recesses in the shackle to retain the pin.