Abstract: A novel LDPE from radical, high pressure polymerization is devised.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a high-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line and a low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line with a low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation valve. The low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line branches off from the exhaust-gas system downstream of a turbine of an exhaust-gas turbocharger and opens into a fresh-air system upstream of a compressor of the exhaust-gas turbocharger. An exhaust-gas flap is disposed in the exhaust-gas system downstream from where the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line branches off from the exhaust-gas system. At least one pressure sensor is disposed in the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line and configured such that the at least one pressure sensor determines a pressure difference in the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line between a point upstream of the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation valve and a point downstream of the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation valve.

Abstract: A novel LDPE from radical, high pressure polymerization is devised.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a high-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line and a low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line with a low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation valve. The low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line branches off from the exhaust-gas system downstream of a turbine of an exhaust-gas turbocharger and opens into a fresh-air system upstream of a compressor of the exhaust-gas turbocharger. An exhaust-gas flap is disposed in the exhaust-gas system downstream from where the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line branches off from the exhaust-gas system. At least one pressure sensor is disposed in the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line and configured such that the at least one pressure sensor determines a pressure difference in the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line between a point upstream of the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation valve and a point downstream of the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation valve.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a high-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line and a low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line with a low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation valve. The low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line branches off from the exhaust-gas system downstream of a turbine of an exhaust-gas turbocharger and opens into a fresh-air system upstream of a compressor of the exhaust-gas turbocharger. An exhaust-gas flap is disposed in the exhaust-gas system downstream from where the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line branches off from the exhaust-gas system. At least one pressure sensor is disposed in the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line and configured such that the at least one pressure sensor determines a pressure difference in the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line between a point upstream of the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation valve and a point downstream of the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation valve.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a high-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line and a low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line with a low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation valve. The low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line branches off from the exhaust-gas system downstream of a turbine of an exhaust-gas turbocharger and opens into a fresh-air system upstream of a compressor of the exhaust-gas turbocharger. An exhaust-gas flap is disposed in the exhaust-gas system downstream from where the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line branches off from the exhaust-gas system. At least one pressure sensor is disposed in the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line and configured such that the at least one pressure sensor determines a pressure difference in the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line between a point upstream of the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation valve and a point downstream of the low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation valve.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas recirculation device for an internal combustion engine, in particular for a diesel engine of a passenger car, includes an air-supply line connected to an air inlet of the internal combustion engine and includes an exhaust-gas line connected to an exhaust-gas outlet of the internal combustion engine. A turbine, which drives a compressor disposed in the air-supply line, is disposed in the exhaust-gas line. The exhaust-gas line is connected to the air-supply line via an exhaust-gas recirculation line branching off in flow direction behind the turbine. An adjustable throttle is disposed in the air-supply line in flow direction in front of the compressor in order to achieve higher exhaust-gas recirculation rates. A method for operating an exhaust-gas recirculation device for an internal combustion engine is also provided.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas recirculation device for an internal combustion engine, in particular for a diesel engine of a passenger car, includes an air-supply line connected to an air inlet of the internal combustion engine and includes an exhaust-gas line connected to an exhaust-gas outlet of the internal combustion engine. A turbine, which drives a compressor disposed in the air-supply line, is disposed in the exhaust-gas line. The exhaust-gas line is connected to the air-supply line via an exhaust-gas recirculation line branching off in flow direction behind the turbine. An adjustable throttle is disposed in the air-supply line in flow direction in front of the compressor in order to achieve higher exhaust-gas recirculation rates. A method for operating an exhaust-gas recirculation device for an internal combustion engine is also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides combination treatments with IL-21, analogues and derivatives thereof.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of treating or preventing various diseases and disorders using modulators of laminin-5. Exemplary diseases and disorders are inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as polycystic kidney disease and cancers associated with one or more of the aforementioned conditions. Exemplary laminin-5 modulators include monoclonal antibodies against the laminin-5 gamma2 chain and short interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences against nucleotide sequences encoding the laminin-5 gamma2 chain. Described are also combination treatments based on the administration of a laminin-5 modulator and at least one other therapeutic agent.

Abstract: Amines are prepared by hydrogenation of the corresponding nitroaromatics in a vertical reactor whose length is greater than its diameter and which has in its upper region a downward-directed jet nozzle via which the reaction mixture and, if desired, part of the starting materials are introduced, has an outlet at any point on the reactor via which the reaction mixture is conveyed in an external circuit by means of a transport device back to the jet nozzle and has a flow reversal in its lower region, wherein at least part of the hydrogen and/or nitroaromatic starting materials used is fed into the liquid phase of the reactor in such a way that they travel upward in the liquid phase.

Abstract: Liquid organic compounds are hydrogenated by a process in which the hydrogen present in the reactor contains proportions of at least one gas which is inert in the hydrogenation reaction.

Abstract: A reactor (1) of high cylindrical construction for continuously carrying out gas-liquid, liquid-liquid or gas-liquid-solid reactions, provided with a downward-directed jet nozzle (2) via which the starting materials and the reaction mixture are fed in and which is located in the upper region of the reactor, and provided with an offtake (3), preferably in the lower region of the reactor, via which the reaction mixture is conveyed via an external circuit back to the jet nozzle (2) by means of a pump (P), wherein a guide tube (4) which extends essentially over the total length of the reactor (1) with the exception of the reactor ends and has a cross-sectional area in the range from one tenth to one half of the cross-sectional area of the reactor (1) is located concentrically in the reactor (1), and the jet nozzle (2) is located above the upper end of the guide tube (4), preferably at a distance of from one eighth of the guide tube diameter to one guide tube diameter, or projects into the guide tube (4) to a dept

Abstract: A catalyst comprising nickel on a TiO2 support is obtainable by coprecipitation of

Abstract: Liquid organic compounds are hydrogenated by a process in which the hydrogen present in the reactor contains proportions of at least one gas which is inert in the hydrogenation reaction.

Abstract: Polyetherpolyols are prepared by reacting diols or polyols with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or a mixture thereof in the presence of a multimetal cyanide complex catalyst by a process which is carried out in a vertical upright cylindrical reactor comprising a jet nozzle which is arranged in the upper reactor region and is directed downward and via which the starting materials and the reaction mixture are fed in, and comprising a take-off, preferably in the lower reactor region, via which the reaction mixture is fed back to the jet nozzle in an external circulation by means of a pump via an equilibration container, comprising a concentric guide tube which extends over the total length of the reactor, except for the reactor ends, and comprising a heat exchanger integrated in the annular space.

Abstract: Polyetherpolyols are prepared by reacting diols or polyols with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or a mixture thereof in the presence of a multimetal cyanide complex catalyst by a process which is carried out in a vertical upright cylindrical reactor comprising a jet nozzle which is arranged in the upper reactor region and is directed downward and via which the starting materials and the reaction mixture are fed in, and comprising a take-off, preferably in the lower reactor region, via which the reaction mixture is fed back to the jet nozzle in an external circulation by means of a pump via an equilibration container, comprising a concentric guide tube which extends over the total length of the reactor, except for the reactor ends, and comprising a heat exchanger integrated in the annular space.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of amines by hydrogenation of nitro compounds, which comprises carrying out the hydrogenation in a vertical reactor whose length is greater than its diameter, having a downward-facing jet nozzle arranged in the upper region of the reactor through which the starting materials and the reaction mixture are fed in, and having an outlet at any desired point of the reactor, through which the reaction mixture is fed back to the jet nozzle in an external circuit by means of a conveying means, and having flow reversal in the lower region of the reactor.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge is applied to a charge carrier and the latter is thereupon contacted with one side of a sheet-material copy carrier. Thereafter, an original is imaged onto the charge carrier to produce thereon a latent electrostatic image field which penetrates the copy carrier, whereupon the latent image is developed on the copy carrier by contacting the other side thereof with developer material.

Abstract: A transmitter amplifier comprises a transistor forming a class B or C amplifier element and output and input circuits for the amplifier element connected by a low-pass filter with a limiting frequency below the intended frequency band of the amplifier.