Abstract: A cationic dispersion which includes at least one pigment, water, and at least one quaternary salt of a styrene maleimide imide resin in an amount effective to disperse the organic pigment. A method for preparing the cationic dispersion includes (i) mixing, at 500 to 10,000 rpm, at least one pigment; water; and either (a) at least one a quaternary salt of a styrene maleimide imide resin or (b) at least one styrene maleimide imide resin in combination with at least one weak acid, thereby forming a dispersion premix; (ii) milling the dispersion premix in a mixer filled with ceramic, metal or glass beads for a period of time sufficient to reduce pigment agglomerates to primary particles, thereby forming a non-standardized dispersion; and (iii) standardizing the dispersion against a color standard by adding water. The resulting cationic dispersion exhibits good alkali resistance and lightfastness, and can be used to integrally color concrete and other building materials.

Abstract: A cationic dispersion which includes at least one pigment, water, and at least one quaternary salt of a styrene maleimide imide resin in an amount effective to disperse the organic pigment. A method for preparing the cationic dispersion includes (i) mixing, at 500 to 10,000 rpm, at least one pigment; water; and either (a) at least one a quaternary salt of a styrene maleimide imide resin or (b) at least one styrene maleimide imide resin in combination with at least one weak acid, thereby forming a dispersion premix; (ii) milling the dispersion premix in a mixer filled with ceramic, metal or glass beads for a period of time sufficient to reduce pigment agglomerates to primary particles, thereby forming a non-standardized dispersion; and (iii) standardizing the dispersion against a color standard by adding water. The resulting cationic dispersion exhibits good alkali resistance and lightfastness, and can be used to integrally color concrete and other building materials.

Abstract: A method of coloring a cellulosic material which includes a) dispersing pulped cellulosic material into water; and b) coloring the pulped cellulosic material by adding a cationic dispersion to the water, where the dispersion includes: (i) at least one pigment; (ii) water; and (iii) at least one acid salt of a styrene maleimide resin in an amount effective to disperse the pigment. The cationic dispersion may be prepared by (i) mixing, at 500 to 10,000 rpm, at least one pigment; water; and either (a) at least one acid salt of a styrene maleimide imide resin or (b) at least one styrene maleimide imide resin in combination with at least one weak acid, thereby forming a dispersion premix; (ii) milling the dispersion premix in a mixer filled with ceramic, metal or glass beads for a period of time sufficient to reduce pigment agglomerates to primary particles, thereby forming a nonstandarized dispersion; and (iii) standardizing the dispersion against a color standard by adding water.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for quantitatively monitoring a chemical component dissolved in a liquid medium utilize the creation, in a measurement cell, of an interface zone between the liquid medium and an analytical reagent or reference solution. The concentration or amount of the chemical component are determined by the measurement of a value of a measurement parameter in the interface zone, and the derivation from that value of the concentration or amount of the component in comparison with a baseline or reference value measured for the reagent or reference solution alone. Matrix effects and ghosting errors are avoided. The method and apparatus can be used advantageously for on-line optimization and control of industrial, chemical and biological processes, such as chemical reactions in progress, coupling reactions for the synthesis of azo compounds, and the monitoring of in vivo or in vitro biological systems as well as for conventional analytical purposes.