Abstract: A process for increasing olefin production from refinery that processes hydrocarbon streams that are rich in aromatic compounds and includes steam cracking and hydrotreating an aromatically rich feedstock to produce a hydrotreated pyrolysis gasoline stream and light pyrolysis oil byproduct, saturating at least one additional naphtha/hydrocarbon stream together with the hydrotreated pyrolysis gasoline stream or together with the light pyrolysis oil byproducts to form a first naphthene stream, and steam cracking the first naphthene stream to produce olefins.

Abstract: An integrated process for increasing olefin production is described through which heavy cracker residues of fluid catalytic cracking unit and steam cracking unit are completely mixed, and mixed stream is properly recycled and further combined with atmospheric tower bottoms. Combined stream is deasphalted and hydrotreated to produce a proper feedstock for steam cracking unit for manufacturing light olefin compounds. The integrated process produces higher amount of light olefins than a substantially similar process without processing the heavy cracker residues.

Abstract: A process for increasing olefin production from refinery that processes hydrocarbon streams that are rich in aromatic compounds and includes steam cracking and hydrotreating an aromatically rich feedstock to produce a hydrotreated pyrolysis gasoline stream and light pyrolysis oil byproduct, saturating at least one additional naphtha/hydrocarbon stream together with the hydrotreated pyrolysis gasoline stream or together with the light pyrolysis oil byproducts to form a first naphthene stream, and steam cracking the first naphthene stream to produce olefins.

Abstract: An integrated process for increasing olefin production is described through which heavy cracker residues of fluid catalytic cracking unit and steam cracking unit are completely mixed, and mixed stream is properly recycled and further combined with atmospheric tower bottoms. Combined stream is deasphalted and hydrotreated to produce a proper feedstock for steam cracking unit for manufacturing light olefin compounds. The integrated process produces higher amount of light olefins than a substantially similar process without processing the heavy cracker residues.

Abstract: A nozzle reactor includes a passage having one or more regions with a converging-diverging shape. The nozzle reactor accelerates a reacting fluid to supersonic velocities and mixes it with a feed material. The reacting fluid and the feed material may be pre-heated. The high speed collision between the reacting fluid and the feed material at elevated temperatures causes the materials to react.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon upgrading method is described. The method can generally include a step of providing a nozzle reactor, a step of injecting hydrocarbon residuum into the feed passage of the nozzle reactor, and a step of injecting a cracking material into the main passage of the nozzle reactor, and a step of collecting a product stream exiting the exit opening of the main passage of the nozzle reactor. The hydrocarbon residuum used in the method can be obtained from a hydroconversion-type upgrader, such as an ebullating bed hydrocracker.

Abstract: A process for producing biofuels and biolubricants from lipid material includes reacting lipid material with a motive fluid in a reactor. The reactor may be configured to cause a high energy collision between the motive fluid and the lipid material that facilitates the reactions that result in biofuels and biolubricants. A heavy fraction of the effluent may be repeatedly recycled back through the reactor until most, if not all, of the lipid material has been converted.

Abstract: A nozzle reactor includes a passage having one or more regions with a converging-diverging shape. The nozzle reactor accelerates a reacting fluid to supersonic velocities and mixes it with a feed material. The reacting fluid and the feed material may be pre-heated. The high speed collision between the reacting fluid and the feed material at elevated temperatures causes the materials to react.

Abstract: A reactor for cracking heavy hydrocarbons includes a tube having an internal passage filled with a fluid that includes heavy hydrocarbon material. The reactor is oriented vertically so that the fluid moves downward through the internal passage of the tube. The internal passage includes alternating linear sections and curved sections. The internal passage is oriented so that it lies on a single plane. The reactor may be combined with another reactor to produce a reactor system.

Abstract: A process for producing biofuels and biolubricants from lipid material includes reacting lipid material with a motive fluid in a reactor. The reactor may be configured to cause a high energy collision between the motive fluid and the lipid material that facilitates the reactions that result in biofuels and biolubricants. A heavy fraction of the effluent may be repeatedly recycled back through the reactor until most, if not all, of the lipid material has been converted.

Abstract: An improved hydrocarbon cracking process includes a first reactor such as a nozzle reactor positioned in series with a second reactor such as a tubular reactor. A cracking fluid such as steam or natural gas is reacted with heavy hydrocarbon material in the first reactor. The first reactor may provide a tremendous amount of thermal and kinetic energy that initiates cracking of heavy hydrocarbon materials. The second reactor provides sufficient residence time at high temperature to increase the conversion of heavy hydrocarbon materials to the desired level. The cracking fluid functions as a hydrogen donor in the cracking reactions so that very little of the heavy hydrocarbon material becomes hydrogen depleted and forms coke even if the heavy hydrocarbon material is repeatedly recycled through the process.