Abstract: A machine for polishing railway vehicle wheel axles comprising a U-shaped basic structure with a cradle form, on the vertical double walls of which are arranged a pair of support rollers for the respective wheels of a railway axle. A driving assembly having a pair of support arms for abrasive belts is disposed on the intermediate horizontal wall of said cradle and said arms being selective and intermittently displaced from one side to the other between the gap defined by the vertical double walls and selective and vertically displaced upwards between the intermediate horizontal wall of the cradle. The axle to be milled is kept on a horizontal plan in view of the action of the wheels.