Abstract: Isotropic sensor 1, which comprises three sensor units 2, provided with a lead wire winding 3 surrounded by a conducting screen 4, the screen 4 being interrupted in two first zones I1, I2 diametrically opposite, there being in one of said zones I1, I2 the terminals VB for measuring the currents induced, wherein the two ends of each screen segment 41, 42 in the first two zones I1, I2 are connected two by two by means of conductors 5, 6 and comprises two second zones I3, I4 of interruption disposed at a halfway point of each screen segment 41, 42, in such a way that it is possible to measure at high frequencies simultaneously, independently and with precision, both magnetic field B and electric field E.

Abstract: Isotropic sensor 1, which comprises three sensor units 2, provided with a lead wire winding 3 surrounded by a conducting screen 4, the screen 4 being interrupted in two first zones I1, I2 diametrically opposite, there being in one of said zones I1, I2 the terminals VB for measuring the currents induced, wherein the two ends of each screen segment 41, 42 in the first two zones I1, I2 are connected two by two by means of conductors 5, 6 and comprises two second zones I3, I4 of interruption disposed at a halfway point of each screen segment 41, 42, in such a way that it is possible to measure at high frequencies simultaneously, independently and with precision, both magnetic field B and electric field E.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising roflumilast in combination with a corticosteroid and/or a leukotriene receptor antagonist. The invention also relates to the use of such compositions for the treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD).

Abstract: The object of the present invention is a new set of formulations with the potential to increase the efficiency of a plant's assimilation of nutrients both in normal conditions and in conditions of nutrient deficiency. It is especially effective in the case of iron assimilation in conditions of deficiency of this micronutrient, by improving and potentiating a plant's specific response to iron deficiency, increasing the plants capacity to mobilize and assimilate the iron present in non-assimilable forms.

Abstract: A process and a system produces isocyanate and converts anhydrous hydrogen chloride, which is a by-product of isocyanate production, to chlorine gas in an electrochemical cell. The chlorine is recycled to the isocyanate process. Any unreacted anhydrous hydrogen chloride may be recycled to the electrochemical cell. By recycling the anhydrous hydrogen chloride and the chlorine, the process and system are able to reduce the cost of producing isocyanate. In addition, this process and system process eliminate or at least substantially minimize the problems associated with disposal of anhydrous hydrogen chloride by turning it into a useful starting material in the isocyanate process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell having split fluid and current feed. Specifically, the cathode or anode inlet and outlet fluid may be fed from both, rather than from just one end of the electrolyzer. Alternatively, or additionally, the current may be fed to the anode or cathode side of the cell at one point, but may be removed from the opposite end of cell at two points. By feeding the fluid from both ends of the electrolyzer, the internal shunt current within each manifold is reduced, while the active area in the electrolyzer is increased without increasing the overall area of the current distributors. By removing the current from the electrolyzer at two points rather than just one, the voltage required by the electrolyzer may be reduced by half than if the current were removed at just one point.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell, system and process for converting essentially anhydrous hydrogen halide to essentially dry halogen gas. The process of the present invention is useful for converting anhydrous hydrogen halide, in particular, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide, to a halogen gas, such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine, or iodine. In particular, in the present invention, water is provided to the cation-transporting membrane at the cathode in various ways. The present invention allows for recovery of a released fluid at the cathode-side of the membrane and recycling of the released fluid back to the cathode side of the membrane. In this way, the recovered, released fluid may be recycled to continuously supply water to the membrane, thereby allowing the limiting current density of the cell to be increased and/or controlled.

Abstract: Carbonyl halide is produced from carbon monoxide and halogen produced from the electrochemical conversion of anhydrous hydrogen halide. Both the oxidation of anhydrous hydrogen halide and the formation of carbonyl halide are carried out in the anode-compartment of an electrochemical cell. This reduces the equipment and thus the capital investment necessary for carrying out these reactions. Moreover, no catalyst is needed to form halogen and subsequently make carbonyl halide, as in the prior art. In addition, the health hazards associated with making a carbonyl halide, such as phosgene, at high temperatures from chlorinated hydrocarbons with atmospheric oxygen are virtually eliminated. Furthermore, the halogen produced as a result of the oxidation of anhydrous hydrogen halide are dry, thereby eliminating the need for a preheater before the halogen is reacted with carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A process and a system uses a direct chlorination reactor for producing ethylene dichloride by direct chlorination, without the need for an oxychlorination unit. This ethylene dichloride may be used to make vinyl chloride monomer. In the process for making ethylene dichloride, ethylene and chlorine are both supplied to a direct chlorination reactor. The ethylene reacts with the chlorine to form ethylene dichloride. Chlorine is supplied to the direct chlorination reactor from an electrochemical cell which converts anhydrous hydrogen chloride to dry chlorine gas. This chlorine gas is purified and liquefied to form liquid dry chlorine, and the liquid dry chlorine is recycled to the direct chlorination reactor. The ethylene dichloride may be pyrolyzed to produce vinyl chloride monomer and anhydrous hydrogen chloride.

Abstract: A specially modified and adapted fluidized bed is used for heat transfer between gas streams, which have a substantial temperature differential. The fluidized bed is provided with first and second inlet ports for the gases and first and second upper zones, in respective substantial vertical alignment with one another, with outlet ports in the upper zones. The hot gas is led in through the first inlet port and out through the first outlet port, whilst the cooler gas is led in through the second inlet port and out through the second outlet port. Particles of the fluidized bed are permitted to flow between the hot zone and the cooler zone of the fluidized bed, but no significant mixing of the two gas streams takes place in the fluidized bed. Efficient heat transfer is effected through the bed.