Abstract: Apparatus for producing hydrogen gas comprise a container adapted to contain an aqueous electrolyte solution containing hydrogen, at least one first electrode, wherein the at least one first electrode is adapted to be in contact with a solution, at least one second electrode, wherein the at least one second electrode is adapted to be in contact with a solution, and wherein the at least one first electrode is a cylindrically-shaped cathode and the at least one second electrode is a cylindrically-shaped hollow anode capable of accommodating the cylindrically-shaped cathode within it, and wherein the cylindrically-shaped cathode is located along the central axis of the cylindrically-shaped hollow anode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to an electrolyte composition of matter comprising an aqueous solvent, at least one inorganic salt dissolved in said solvent; and at least one organic acid or salt thereof, the acid being substantially soluble in the aqueous solvent and being present at a concentration sufficient to support cavitation-assisted electrolytic combustion. Low molecular weight organic acids and inorganic salts are demonstrated herein as being useful for generating hydrogen.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to apparatus and methods for separating and extracting one or more desired elements and/or compounds from a source feedstock comprising the steps of providing a cavitation-assisted electrolytic purification apparatus comprising an electrolyte and a source feedstock in a reaction zone; introducing oxidizing agents and reducing agents to the source feedstock; causing an electric current to flow through the reaction zone; causing cavitation within the reaction zone; and optionally modifying the temperature of the reaction zone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of producing hydrogen is disclosed comprising applying an electrical current to flow through an aqueous solution. Cavitation is generated within the aqueous solution, where the cavitation lowers an amount of energy required to break chemical bonds of said aqueous solution.