Abstract: A process for monitoring binding events, a coating compound, and a device for monitoring binding events are disclosed. The process includes providing two reservoirs that contain an electrically conductive fluid, wherein the reservoirs are separated by a membrane having a nanopore. The process also includes selecting a target compound, selecting a ligand based on the selection of the target compound, and preparing a coating that includes the coating compound, wherein the coating compound includes the ligand and a moiety that immobilizes the ligand. Additionally, the process includes applying the coating to the inner surface of the nanopore, adding the target compound to a conductive liquid in the first chamber, establishing a voltage gradient across the membrane, and electrically monitoring translocation of the target molecule. The device includes the reservoirs and the membrane having the coated nanopore.

Abstract: A process for monitoring binding events, a coating compound, and a device for monitoring binding events are disclosed. The process includes providing two reservoirs that contain an electrically conductive fluid, wherein the reservoirs are separated by a membrane having a nanopore. The process also includes selecting a target compound, selecting a ligand based on the selection of the target compound, and preparing a coating that includes the coating compound, wherein the coating compound includes the ligand and a moiety that immobilizes the ligand. Additionally, the process includes applying the coating to the inner surface of the nanopore, adding the target compound to a conductive liquid in the first chamber, establishing a voltage gradient across the membrane, and electrically monitoring translocation of the target molecule. The device includes the reservoirs and the membrane having the coated nanopore.

Abstract: A computer program product is provided that includes a storage medium having instructions executable by a computer to perform a method. The method calculates, using a parse tree obtained by parsing text, a dependency graph across contextual tokens created from the text. The method generates concept instance candidates and parent-child relationships based on pattern matching and transformation of the parse tree. The method groups concept instance candidates into concept candidates and arranges the concept candidates into a tree having tree nodes. The method provides an ontology based on the tree and text and formed as an output graph of nodes. The method provides a user interface for editing the ontology by selectively adding a new node to the output graph, removing an existing node, moving a node or sub-graph across a parent-child hierarchy in the output graph, creating a new relation across the nodes, and removing an existing relation edge.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method is provided for automated ontology building. The method calculates, using a parse tree obtained by parsing text, a dependency graph across contextual tokens created from the text. The method generates concept instance candidates and parent-child relationships based on pattern matching and transformation of the parse tree. The method groups concept instance candidates into concept candidates and arranges the concept candidates into a tree having tree nodes. The method provides an ontology based on the tree and text and formed as an output graph of nodes. The method provides a user interface for editing the ontology by selectively adding a new node to the output graph, removing an existing node, moving a node or sub-graph across a parent-child hierarchy in the output graph, creating a new relation across the nodes, and removing an existing relation edge.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method is provided for automated ontology building. The method calculates, using a parse tree obtained by parsing text, a dependency graph across contextual tokens created from the text. The method generates concept instance candidates and parent-child relationships based on pattern matching and transformation of the parse tree. The method groups concept instance candidates into concept candidates and arranges the concept candidates into a tree having tree nodes. The method provides an ontology based on the tree and text and formed as an output graph of nodes. The method provides a user interface for editing the ontology by selectively adding a new node to the output graph, removing an existing node, moving a node or sub-graph across a parent-child hierarchy in the output graph, creating a new relation across the nodes, and removing an existing relation edge.

Abstract: A computer program product is provided that includes a storage medium having instructions executable by a computer to perform a method. The method calculates, using a parse tree obtained by parsing text, a dependency graph across contextual tokens created from the text. The method generates concept instance candidates and parent-child relationships based on pattern matching and transformation of the parse tree. The method groups concept instance candidates into concept candidates and arranges the concept candidates into a tree having tree nodes. The method provides an ontology based on the tree and text and formed as an output graph of nodes. The method provides a user interface for editing the ontology by selectively adding a new node to the output graph, removing an existing node, moving a node or sub-graph across a parent-child hierarchy in the output graph, creating a new relation across the nodes, and removing an existing relation edge.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for automated ontology building. The method includes creating contextual tokens from text, parsing the text into at least one parse tree, and calculating a dependency graph across the contextual tokens using the at least one parse tree. The method further includes generating concept instance candidates and parent-child relationships based on pattern matching and transformation of the at least one parse tree. The method also includes grouping concept instance candidates into concept candidates. The method additionally includes arranging the concept candidates into a tree having tree nodes and creating predicate-based relationships between the tree nodes based on patterns and predicates identified in the text. The method further includes scoring and sorting the tree nodes. The method also includes performing an analysis of the tree nodes and rebalancing the tree based on the analysis to provide an ontology based on the text.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for automated ontology building. The method includes creating contextual tokens from text, parsing the text into at least one parse tree, and calculating a dependency graph across the contextual tokens using the at least one parse tree. The method further includes generating concept instance candidates and parent-child relationships based on pattern matching and transformation of the at least one parse tree. The method also includes grouping concept instance candidates into concept candidates. The method additionally includes arranging the concept candidates into a tree having tree nodes and creating predicate-based relationships between the tree nodes based on patterns and predicates identified in the text. The method further includes scoring and sorting the tree nodes. The method also includes performing an analysis of the tree nodes and rebalancing the tree based on the analysis to provide an ontology based on the text.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a multilayer graphene structure includes a first layer of graphene, a second layer of graphene; and an interstitial layer bonding the first layer of graphene to the second layer of graphene, wherein the interstitial layer comprises a polyaromatic compound. In another embodiment, a multilayer graphene structure is fabricated by providing a first layer of graphene, providing a second layer of graphene, and providing a first interstitial layer between the first layer of graphene and the second layer of graphene, wherein the first interstitial layer comprises a polyaromatic compound. In another embodiment, a multilayer graphene structure includes a plurality of layers of graphene and a plurality of interstitial layers formed of at least one polyaromatic compound, where each pair of the layers of graphene is bonded by one of the interstitial layers, such that a structure comprising alternating layers of graphene and interstitial layers is formed.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a multilayer graphene structure includes a first layer of graphene, a second layer of graphene; and an interstitial layer bonding the first layer of graphene to the second layer of graphene, wherein the interstitial layer comprises a polyaromatic compound. In another embodiment, a multilayer graphene structure is fabricated by providing a first layer of graphene, providing a second layer of graphene, and providing a first interstitial layer between the first layer of graphene and the second layer of graphene, wherein the first interstitial layer comprises a polyaromatic compound. In another embodiment, a multilayer graphene structure includes a plurality of layers of graphene and a plurality of interstitial layers formed of at least one polyaromatic compound, where each pair of the layers of graphene is bonded by one of the interstitial layers, such that a structure comprising alternating layers of graphene and interstitial layers is formed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of generating an array of random bits. The method generates unique arrays of random bits using carbon nanotube field effect transistor fabrication technology and can be used for security applications. The method includes: modifying a substrate to form a modified surface having a pattern selected from a group including: trenches, rigs, and a combination thereof; depositing a compound on the trenches and/or the rigs; and applying a dispersion of carbon nanomaterials onto the modified surface to form an array of random bits. The first system includes setting an array of random bits based on carbon nanomaterials as a digital signature by measuring electric charge flowing through each individual bit. The second system includes protecting an array of random bits against iterative unauthorized accessing mechanisms.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for automated ontology building. The method includes creating contextual tokens from text, parsing the text into at least one parse tree, and calculating a dependency graph across the contextual tokens using the at least one parse tree. The method further includes generating concept instance candidates and parent-child relationships based on pattern matching and transformation of the at least one parse tree. The method also includes grouping concept instance candidates into concept candidates. The method additionally includes arranging the concept candidates into a tree having tree nodes and creating predicate-based relationships between the tree nodes based on patterns and predicates identified in the text. The method further includes scoring and sorting the tree nodes. The method also includes performing an analysis of the tree nodes and rebalancing the tree based on the analysis to provide an ontology based on the text.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of generating an array of random bits. The method generates unique arrays of random bits using carbon nanotube field effect transistor fabrication technology and can be used for security applications. The method includes: modifying a substrate to form a modified surface having a pattern selected from a group including: trenches, rigs, and a combination thereof; depositing a compound on the trenches and/or the rigs; and applying a dispersion of carbon nanomaterials onto the modified surface to form an array of random bits. The first system includes setting an array of random bits based on carbon nanomaterials as a digital signature by measuring electric charge flowing through each individual bit. The second system includes protecting an array of random bits against iterative unauthorized accessing mechanisms.

Abstract: A method for forming a nanopore membrane includes forming an array of carbon nanotubes on a substrate that are disposed side by side in a direction perpendicular to a length of the carbon nanotubes. The array of carbon nanotubes are embedded in a patternable polymer material. The patternable polymer material is crosslinked over the array of carbon nanotubes. An adhesive layer is deposited on the polymer material having the array of carbon nanotubes to form a pad. The pad is rolled using a transfer rod to form a membrane with carbon nanotubes of the array, forming nanopores through the membrane such that as the pad is rolled the membrane increases in diameter.

Abstract: A method for forming a nanopore membrane includes forming an array of carbon nanotubes on a substrate that are disposed side by side in a direction perpendicular to a length of the carbon nanotubes. The array of carbon nanotubes are embedded in a patternable polymer material. The patternable polymer material is crosslinked over the array of carbon nanotubes. An adhesive layer is deposited on the polymer material having the array of carbon nanotubes to form a pad. The pad is rolled using a transfer rod to form a membrane with carbon nanotubes of the array, forming nanopores through the membrane such that as the pad is rolled the membrane increases in diameter.