Abstract: Described herein are methods for identification/discovery of protein biomarkers for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diagnosing and/or prognosing and/or predicting progression of and/or treating chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of nephrology. More specifically, the present invention provides methods and compositions useful for more precisely estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In a specific embodiment, a method for calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a patient comprises the steps of (a) measuring the level of one or more metabolites using mass spectrometry from a blood sample obtained from the patient; and (b) calculating the eGFR using an algorithm that utilizes the measured levels of the one or more metabolites.

Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) was recently used to identify SNPs in a genomic region on chromosome 4 that associate with serum urate levels and gout. The present disclosure shows that human ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G, 2 (ABCG2), encoded by the ABCG2 gene contained in this region, is a hitherto unknown urate efflux transporter. The present disclosure further shows that native ABCG2 is located in the brush border membrane of kidney proximal tubule cells, where it mediates renal urate secretion. Introduction of the mutation Q141K encoded by the common SNP rs2231142 by site-directed mutagenesis resulted in reduced urate transport rates compared to wild-type ABCG2. Data from a population-based study of 14,783 individuals support rs2231142 as the causal variant in the region and show highly significant associations with urate levels and gout.

Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) was recently used to identify SNPs in a genomic region on chromosome 4 that associate with serum urate levels and gout. The present disclosure shows that human ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G, 2 (ABCG2), encoded by the ABCG2 gene contained in this region, is a hitherto unknown urate efflux transporter. The present disclosure further shows that native ABCG2 is located in the brush border membrane of kidney proximal tubule cells, where it mediates renal urate secretion. Introduction of the mutation Q141K encoded by the common SNP rs2231142 by site-directed mutagenesis resulted in reduced urate transport rates compared to wild-type ABCG2. Data from a population-based study of 14,783 individuals support rs2231142 as the causal variant in the region and show highly significant associations with urate levels and gout.