Abstract: In a water turbine having a distributor with adjustable guide vanes and a runner having adjustable runner blades, optimization of the operating parameters is performed indirectly in that fluctuations in intensity of the generator output or the bearing oscillations of the water turbine are determined without taking account of the absolute values and are set or adjusted to a minimum.

Abstract: The percussion device which can be used as a hammer drill has a drive piston for driving an overhung percussion piston which is mounted between two air cushions. Depending on the percussion travel of the percussion piston, the percussion air cushion is reversed so that a respective partial quantity is passed around the percussion piston to the opposite side by a central bypass. A no-load bypass is also provided to vent the recoil air cushion to the percussion cushion for a no-load condition. A third bypass bridges the drive piston in the top dead center position to communicate an annular chamber to the rear of the drive piston with the percussion cushion.

Abstract: The Pelton turbine includes a wheel disc with buckets mounted within a casing on a rotatable drive shaft. At least one nozzle is provided for expelling a fluid jet tangentially of the disc onto the buckets. A partition divides the interior of the housing into a spray fluid and outlet region and an upper ventilation region. The driving fluid falls from the buckets into a sump in the outlet region while residual fluid is wiped off the turbine wheel by the partition. The ventilation region allows ventilation of the casing and also produces a flow of gas for increasing the pressure in the sump to improve the outflow of fluid.