Abstract: For producing a skin opening for minimally invasive surgery an instrument is employed, comprising a grip (10) and a puncture awl (16). The puncture awl (16) is provided on the distal end of a grip (10), which distal end forms a stop surface (12), which limits the penetration depth of the puncture awl (16).

Abstract: For producing a skin opening for minimally invasive surgery an instrument is employed, comprising a grip (10) and a puncture awl (16). The puncture awl (16) is provided on the distal end of a grip (10), which distal end forms a stop surface (12), which limits the penetration depth of the puncture awl (16).

Abstract: For producing a skin opening for minimally invasive surgery an instrument is employed, comprising a grip (10) and a puncture awl (16). The puncture awl (16) is provided on the distal end of a grip (10), which distal end forms a stop surface (12), which limits the penetration depth of the puncture awl (16).

Abstract: A tubular shaft instrument, in particular for the minimally invasive surgery, includes a shaft tube (10), an actuating element (12) axially displaceable in the shaft tube (10) and a grip provided at the proximal end of the tubular shaft instrument in the instrument axis. The grip includes two grip shanks (18), which are connected to each other at the proximal end, of which the free distal ends are spread apart by a spring force transverse to the instrument axis and can be pressed together against this spring force. At least one of the grip shanks (18) is connected with the actuating element (12) via a hinged or linked lever (20). On the opposite outer sides of the grip shank (18) finger rings (28) are provided on their distal end areas, which finger rings project outwards from the grip shanks (18).

Abstract: For producing a skin opening for minimally invasive surgery an instrument is employed, comprising a grip (10) and a puncture awl (16). The puncture awl (16) is provided on the distal end of a grip (10), which distal end forms a stop surface (12), which limits the penetration depth of the puncture awl (16).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved continuous process for the preparation of mononitro-aromatic compounds which comprises (1) nitrating a reactive aromatic compound in the absence of sulphuric acid until mono-nitration is essentially complete, said nitration being carried out in 40 to 68% strength by weight nitric acid, (2) separating mechanically the nitration reaction mixture into an inorganic phase and an organic phase, (3) washing of the organic phase with water and dilute alkali solution and subsequent separation of the unconverted starting material end of the adhering water by means of rectification (4) feeding the inorganic phase and, if necessary, the wash water of the first water wash of the organic phase, to a rectification column in which (a) water is withdrawn over the top (b) optionally a fraction which has a lower nitric acid content than the feed is withdrawn from a sidestream takeoff in the rectifying section of the column and (c) a fraction which has a higher nitric acid content tha

Abstract: Dinitronaphthalenes are prepared by reacting nitronaphthalene at temperatures of from 20.degree. to 50.degree. C which 60 to 80% strength by weight aqueous nitric acid. The resulting dinitronaphthalene is separated off in a known manner and the residual nitric acid is enriched until a concentration of 60 to 80% by weight is reached and is then recycled to the reaction.