Abstract: Plastic wastes are thermally cracked to give primarily liquid products which are transformed into synthesis gas by partial oxidation.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for producing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of carbon-containing particles suspended in water with oxygen at elevated pressures and temperatures of 1000.degree. to 1600.degree. C. Three substance streams are added separately but simultaneously to the reactor. The inner substance stream consists of oxygen or a mixture of oxygen and synthesis gas. The middle substance stream forms a carbon-water suspension, and the outer substance stream carries oxygen or oxygen-containing gases. Due to the fact that these three substance streams intersect at an acute angle, an ideal distribution of the suspension with the gas streams is achieved and an optimum reaction course is ensured. In order to be able to compensate requirement fluctuations during continuous operation, the outlet opening for the carbon-water suspension and the outer gas stream can be correspondingly adapted in a continuous and independent manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for the discharge of residues of ash-containing fuels occurring during gasification of coal. The hot mixture of residues and water is separated in a separating chamber, whereby the residues enter a lock vessel situated under the separating chamber. The hot water is recycled to the water bath situated under the gasification reactor. After the lock vessel has been filled with residue, the hot water in the separating chamber is cooled or replaced by cold water. The discharge of the residues is pressureless and is effected by a stream of water flowing through the separating chamber into the lock vessel. Separating chamber and lock vessel remain filled with water at all times.

Abstract: A process for the hydroformylation of olefins having 2 to 5 carbon atoms using rhodium catalysts in a low pressure process, wherein the waste gas from the low pressure plant containing the olefin is compressed and used in a high pressure plant.

Abstract: The continuous preparation of aldehydes from olefins and synthesis gas by the use of a water-soluble catalyst system containing rhodium. The reaction takes place at 100 to 30,000 kPa and 90.degree. to 150.degree. C. The proportion of gaseous components in the liquids is 5 to 30% by volume, based on the total gaseous and liquid components, the volume ratio of aqueous to organic parts being 1:1 to 100:1. After completion of the reaction, the liquid components and the gaseous components are separated into a liquid phase and a gaseous phase, then the liquid phase is divided into aqueous and organic parts, separation taking place without previous cooling. The heat contained in the reaction product is either removed by water or steam, or is carried over to the hydroformylation products.

Abstract: A plant for the gasification of fossil fuels which includes a reactor container and a further plant component attachable to the reactor container. The reactor container has a discharge opening and includes a connection part extending outwardly from the discharge opening. A fireproof lining, which determines the inner cross-sectional area of the container, is provided within the container. An intermediate ring is interposed between the connecting part of the reactor container and the further plant component for attaching the connecting part to the further plant component. This intermediate ring is provided with a fireproof lining having an area of reduced inner cross-section which is less than the inner cross-sectional area of the fireproof lining of the reactor container, the area of reduced cross-section being the smallest cross-sectional area in the connection between the reactor container and the further plant component.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of a gas mixture containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide by endothermal partial oxidization of an organic compound with steam and/or carbon dioxide is disclosed wherein at least a portion of the heat required for the partial oxidation is obtained by direct heat exchange with products obtained from the gasification of a carbonaceous ash-forming fuel with oxygen in the presence of steam.

Abstract: An improvement in a radiation boiler for cooling a gas stream containing solid and molten particles wherein gas is introduced vertically via a gas feed at the top of a radiation boiler having a cooled gas outlet and a water bath disposed at the bottom thereof for removing the particles after they have been solidified and cooled. Between the gas feed and the water bath are disposed at least two concentrically arranged cylindrical tubular heat exchange elements vertically disposed in the boiler and forming at least one annular passage therebetween. The passage through the innermost heat exchange element is in fluid flow registry and fluid flow communication with the gas feed.

Abstract: An improved process for continuously producing oxygen-containing compounds by the oxo process from olefins, carbon monoxide and hydrogen at a pressure of 5 to 1000 bar and at a temperature of 50.degree. to 200.degree. C. in the presence of a metal of Group VIII and/or a compound thereof as catalyst is disclosed. According to the invention, the unreacted olefin carbon monoxide and hydrogen is passed to a high pressure reactor wherein unreacted olefin is reacted under oxo process conditions to form oxygen-containing compounds.

Abstract: A process for separating carbon black from a liquid containing it is disclosed wherein a particular amount of an oxygen containing higher boiling product which is the non-volatile residue produced as a by-product of the oxo-synthesis is added to the liquid whereby the carbon black passes into the higher boilng product phase to form an admixture. The admixture is passed to a settling zone where it separates from the liquid. Separation of the carbon black then takes place through the use of a disk centrifuge.

Abstract: A process for the separation of carbon black from liquids containing it is disclosed wherein a particular amount of a liquid hydrocarbon is added to the liquid containing carbon black to form a mixture whereby the carbon black passes into the hydrocarbon phase. The mixture is then passed to a settling zone and the hydrocarbon and carbon black are separated from the liquid by forming a layer thereon. The layer is then passed through a disk centrifuge to substantially separate the carbon black from the hydrocarbon.

Abstract: An improvement in a process of forming an aldehyde or alcohol by the Oxo process wherein an olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbon is reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a group VIII B catalyst which improvement involves introducing the olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide together with the catalyst into the bottom of a first reaction zone, allowing the reactants to rise in said reaction zone, passing liquid reactants from the top of said first reaction zone into the top of a second reaction zone, withdrawing liquid reaction mixture from the bottom of the second reaction zone and withdrawing gaseous reactants from the second reaction zone.