Abstract: The invention relates to a device for determining the target point of an observation unit. The device comprises a target area; a scan line projector, which projects at least two non-parallel scan lines and moves said scan lines across the target area; a control unit, which controls the movement of the scan lines; and an optical target point detector, which provides a target point signal to the control unit if a scan line is detected. The control unit determines the position of each scan line 03 in the target area at the time of the detection by the target point detector and outputs the virtual intersection of the two scan lines at said time as the target point. The invention further relates to a method for determining the target point of an observation unit.

Abstract: Machine for manufacturing a material sheet and method of guiding the material sheet through the machine. The machine may include a dryer section including at least one dryer group having a plurality of dryer cylinders. Centers of a first plurality of the plurality of dryer cylinders may be arranged on an upper level and centers of a second plurality of the plurality of dryer cylinders may be arranged on a lower level spaced a distance from the upper level. A top felt may be associated with at least one of the first plurality of dryer cylinders and a bottom felt associated with at least one of the second plurality of dryer cylinders. The machine may also include a meandering run path for the material sheet through the at least one dryer group, the material sheet being guided in the meandering run path by the top and bottom felts, and at least one transition area between the plurality of dryer cylinders.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a continuous press shell that is liquid-tight and smoothed on its inside, and which can be used as a press element in a dewatering press is provided. The press shell consists of a continuous wire belt which on its outside is coated with a plastic. Upon the smoothing of its outside, the coated press shell is turned, so that for the use of the press shell its smoothed surface will be on its inside. For turning the press shell, the one continuous edge of the press shell is first turned inward and attached to a traction device. Next, an adjoining and as yet unturned section of the press shell is held back on its outside, by means of vacuum, on a fixed guide device. Lastly, the traction device, along with the edge of the press shell attached to it, is pulled through the interior of the press shell.

Abstract: A press roll for a web includes a support body which is either stationary or rotatable and a press shell which is rotatable over the support body and against a mating roll. A respective shell support element or disc is disposed axially outward of both ends of the support body and the support element has an axially outward, face side. The flexible, liquid impervious endless belt press shell has lateral edge zones. Each edge zone has a respective plurality of outwardly projecting tongues and has cutouts between neighboring tongues. The edge zone is turned radially inward and its tongues are each respectively mounted on a holding element projecting from the face side of the shell support element. Centering elements also ono the face side of the shell support element are placed each for extending into and contacting the base of the cutouts between neighboring tongues for positioning the tongues.

Abstract: A long-nip press roll and a mating roll form an areal press nip with each other. The long-nip press roll has a flexible tubular press shell which is mounted by means of two support disks on a stationary support member which extends through the inside of the press shell. Within a hydraulic pressure chamber provided on the supporting member is a radially displaceable press shoe which can press the press shell against the mating roll. Support member, pressure chamber and mating roll are arranged symmetrically relative to a press plane. The slide surface of the press shoe which contacts the press shell is arranged offset with respect to the press plane in the direction opposite the direction of travel of the press shell. The axis of rotation of the press shell and its two support disks is also arranged offset out of the press plane in the direction opposite the direction of travel of the press shell.

Abstract: A paper machine includes a double-felt (or single-felt) wet press. Two press elements, for instance two rolls, whose axes lie in a press plane, form a press nip with each other. Two endless felt belts, and between them the paper web from which the water is to be removed, pass through said nip. Beyond the press nip the paper web travels, free of the felt belts, to the next station of the paper machine. Each of the two felt belts travels beyond the press nip over a guide element, which can be a guide roll or a nonrotating deflector, whose position is displaceable parallel to the press plane. The arrangement is operated as follows: The angle between the paper web and the wetter felt is set to a smaller value during the initial licking-up process than during the subsequent continuous operation. On the other hand, the angle between the paper web and the drier felt is set to a larger value during the initial licking-up process than during the subsequent continuous operation.

Abstract: This device, preferably formed as a dual paper machine, has according to a preferred embodiment two endless screens, mainly a lower screen (21) and an upper screen (22). The lower screen (21), on which is formed a paper web, and the upper screen (22) are moved together in the lower part of a dehydration cylinder (25) arranged in the upper screen. Both screens (21,22) are unrolled from the rising lower quadrant of said cylinder (25) and are laid on the upper part of the support cylinder (26) arranged in the lower screen (21). The bandage of the dehydration cylinder (25) has hollows which absorb water from the screens along their arcs of contact with the cylinder and which project the water towards the inside of the loop formed by the screens of the cylinder. In the feed direction of the screens and downstream of the support cylinder (26), there is arranged a receiving container (36) for the projected water.

Abstract: A press roll for a web comprises a support body which is either stationary or rotatable and comprises a press shell which is rotatable over the support body and against a mating roll. A respective shell support element or disc is disposed axially outward of both ends of the support body and the support element has an axially outward, face side. The flexible, liquid impervious endless belt press shell has lateral edge zones. Each edge zone has a respective plurality of outwardly projecting tongues and has cutouts between neighboring tongues. The edge zone is turned radially inward and its tongues are each respectively mounted on a holding element projecting from the face side of the shell support element. Centering elements also on the face side of the shell support element are placed each for extending into and contacting the base of the cutouts between neighboring tongues for positioning the tongues.

Abstract: In an extended nip proess including a stationary support member, a hydraulically actuatable press shoe supported on and extending along the support member and a rotatable counter-roll opposed to and extending along the direction of the press shoe, there is a flexible, tubular press jacket which rotates around the support member and which is sealed so as to be inflatable by air. Before rotation of the counter-roll starts, the press jacket is air inflated and expands to partially wrap around the counte-roll. After rotation of the counter-roll and the press jacket begins, and only after a set minimum velocity has been exceeded, then the press shoe is fluid pressurized against the press jacket. At the time, the air pressure in the press jacket is reduced. Various control devices control the feed of pressure liquid to the press shoe and the feed of air to the press jacket until and then after a minimum speed level is exceeded.

Abstract: A piston-cylinder arrangement, particularly useful for the press shoe of an extended nip press. The cylinder is a fluid pressure cylinder with a piston, which is fluid pressure reciprocated, disposed in the cylinder chamber. The cylinder and piston are polygonal around their peripheries. A circumferential groove in the cylinder wall carries a plurality of sealing pieces which are urged outwardly of the groove and against the periphery of the piston. The sealing pieces comprise corner pieces disposed at the corners of the polygonal cylinder and second sealing pieces joining the corner pieces. Where the corner and second sealing pieces meet around the periphery of the cylinder, they have overlying, overlapping surfaces that are oriented perpendicular to the reciprocation of the piston. A spring in the groove may urge some of the pieces outwardly toward the piston.

Abstract: A press roll for acting in opposition to a counter roll. The press roll has a support member which is supported at its opposite ends. The support member is stationary in certain most embodiments and rotatable in one embodiment. A flexible, liquid-tight endless press jacket is wrapped around the support member. At each lateral end of the press roll, the press jacket is fastened to the outward end of a supporting disk, which is rotatably mounted on the support member. The lateral edge zones of the press jacket are both deformed radially inwardly around the outside of the respective supporting disks and each edge zone is clamped there by a annular clamping flange. To facilitate deformation of the edge zones, at least one of the edge zones terminates in a series of tongues separated by cutouts arrayed around the roll. Coiled tension springs engage the edge zone and/or the tongues to pull them in the direction toward the axis of the roll.

Abstract: In a belt pressing unit, which preferably serves as wet press of a paper machine, an elastic tubular press belt travels around a supporting body and, together with a back roll, forms an extended press zone. Beyond the press zone along the path of the press belt, liquid is fed to the inner side of the press belt in order to cool the press belt. This liquid is permitted to travel, together with the press belt, around the supporting body. Most of the liquid is then removed from the press belt, preferably at a position in front of the press zone. The liquid may then be cooled and fed back to the press belt. In addition, liquid may also be fed to the inner side of the press belt where the press belt enters the press zone, for cooling and lubricating a pressing surface of a press shoe which presses the press belt toward the back roll.