Abstract: Novel substituted 11-amino-undeca-4,8-dienal and 11-amino-undecanal aldehyde-derivatives of the formulae Ia ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 to R.sub.6, Y and m are as defined in patent claim 1, and processes for their preparation are described. The compounds of the formulae Ia and Ib can be catalytically hydrogenated to novel 1,11-diaminoundecanes, which, in turn, can be used, for example, for the preparation of polycondensation products, in particular transparent polyamides, or as curing agents for epoxide resins.

Abstract: The partially crystalline polyamides according to the invention are obtained by reacting terephthalic acid, or an amide-forming derivative thereof, with a diamine of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 singly or together are organic radicals. The reaction mixture can also contain up to 30% by weight of other amide-forming substances (aminocarboxylic acids or lactams, or mixtures of dicarboxylic acids and diamines), provided the formation of the partial crystallinity of the resulting polyamides is retained. The polyamides are suitable for producing moulded products of the most varied types. They are particularly applicable for producing filaments and fibres.

Abstract: There are described transparent copolyamides which are obtained by reaction of a mixture (A) consisting of essentially stoichiometric amounts of a diamine ##STR1## and isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid, or a mixture of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid, with a mixture (B) consisting of essentially stoichiometric amounts of a diamine ##STR2## and terephthalic acid or a mixture of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid, or with a mixture (C) consisting of essentially stoichiometric amounts of a diamine ##STR3## and terephthalic acid or isophthalic acid or mixtures thereof, wherein R', R" and R.sub.1 to R.sub.11 have the meanings given in claim 1.The novel copolyamides are distinguished by good thermoplastic processing characteristics, by low water absorption and by good stability to hydrolysis, and are suitable for producing transparent moulded articles.

Abstract: There are described transparent copolyamides which consist of recurring structural elements of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 independently of one another are each hydrogen or alkyl having 1-4 C atoms, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently of one another are each ethyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, --CH(R.sub.7)(R.sub.8) or --CH.sub.2 CH(R.sub.9)(R.sub.10), R.sub.7 is alkyl having 1-8 C atoms, R.sub.8 is alkyl having 1-4 C atoms, R.sub.9 is hydrogen or alkyl having 1-4 C atoms, and R.sub.10 is alkyl having 2-8 C atoms, and wherein the proportion of structural elements (I) where R.sub.5 /R.sub.6 .noteq.--CH.sub.2 CH(R.sub.9)(R.sub.10) is 10-40 percent by weight, and where R.sub.5 /R.sub.6 =--CH.sub.2 CH(R.sub.9)(R.sub.10) it is 35-55 percent by weight, relative to the total weight of the polymer.

Abstract: There are described transparent copolyamides which are obtained by reaction of a mixture A) consisting of essentially stoichiometric amounts of a diamine of the formula ##STR1## and isophthalic acid, a mixture of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid, or amide-forming derivatives thereof, in a molar ratio isophthatic acid(derivative) : terephthalic acid(derivative) of 5:5 to 10:0, with a mixture B) consisting of essentially stoichiometric amounts of a diamine of the formula ##STR2## and a dicarboxylic acid of the formulaHOOC--Z--COOH (III),or an amide-forming derivative thereof [R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 independently of each other are each H or C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, the proportion of mixture A) is 40-60 percent by weight, and R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently of one another are each cycloalkyl which has 5-12 ring C atoms and which is unsubstituted or is substituted by C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, or they are each isopropyl, sec-butyl or isobutyl; or the proportion of mixture A) is 50-70 percent by weight, R.sub.5 /R.sub.

Abstract: The partially crystalline polyamides according to the invention are obtained by reacting terephthalic acid, or an amide-forming derivative thereof, with a diamine of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 singly or together are organic radicals. The reaction mixture can also contain up to 30% by weight of other amide-forming substances (aminocarboxylic acids or lactams, or mixtures of dicarboxylic acids and diamines), provided the formation of the partial crystallinity of the resulting polyamides is retained. The polyamides are suitable for producing moulded products of the most varied types. They are particularly applicable for producing filaments and fibres.

Abstract: The invention provides transparent polyamides which have a specific viscosity of at least 0.4 dl/g (0.5% in m-cresol at 25.degree. C.). They consist of recurring structural units of the formula I ##STR1## and, as the case may be, of recurring structural units of the formula II ##STR2## wherein X.sub.1 represents ##STR3## X.sub.2 represents ##STR4## R.sub.1 and R.sub.8 represent in general alkyl radicals. R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 can also represent hydrogen, and R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 and R.sub.8, together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, also represent cycloalkyl. The polyamides are derived in their structure from 100 to 25 mol % of terephthalic acid and from isophthalic acid. The polyamides may contain only up to 75 mol % of structural elements of the formula II. They are suitable for the manufacture of transparent moulded articles.

Abstract: The transparent polyamides of the invention have a reduced specific viscosity of at least 0.4 dl/g (0.5% solution of the polyamide in m-cresol at 25.degree. C.) and consist either of(a) recurring structural units of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein the carbonyl groups are in the 1,3- or 1,4-position to one another (the proportion of carbonyl groups in the 1,3-position being 30 to 100%) and each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is methyl or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached are cycloalkyl of 4 to 6 carbon atoms, or of(b) recurring structural units of the formula (II) ##STR2## wherein the carbonyl groups are in the 1,3- or 1,4-position to one another (the proportion of carbonyl groups in the 1,3-position being 30 to 50%) and R.sub.3 and R.sub.

Abstract: Information on a patient chart is imaged onto a first portion of a dielectric receptor sheet simultaneously with, prior to or subsequent to exposure of a second portion of the receptor sheet to object-modulated X-rays in an ionography imaging chamber. The sheet has an outer layer consisting of polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene terephthalate and is brought into intimate contact with a chart at a station where the chart and the overlapping first portion of the sheet are exposed to electromagnetic radiation issuing from an electronic flash unit. This results in the formation of a latent image of the information on the first sheet portion, and such image is thereupon converted into a visible image, either on the receptor sheet or on a separate sheet, in accordance with a xerographic developing technique by resorting to toner particles. The sheet can be reused by neutralizing its charge, e.g., by heating its layer to a temperature approximately 10.degree. C.

Abstract: The transparent polyamides according to the invention are obtained by polycondensation of mixtures of terephthalic acid, or of an amide-forming derivative thereof, and a diamine of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each cycloalkyl which has 4-12 C atoms and which can be substituted by alkyl,(a) with for example 10 to 20% by weight of .epsilon.-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam, or(b) with for example 10 to 20% by weight of an essentially stoichiometric mixture of adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine or of the AH salt.The polycondensation reaction is performed by known methods, preferably by melt condensation. The resulting polyamides are transparent and are resistant to boiling. They show only a slight absorption of water and are stable to hydrolysis. They can be processed for example by the injection-moulding process and by extrusion into the form of moulded articles.

Abstract: The polyamides according to the invention are mainly transparent (amorphous), but in some cases also partially crystalline. They have a reduced specific viscosity (0.5% in m-cresol at 25.degree. C.) of at least 0.3 dl/g, and consist of recurring structural elements of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are monovalent aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radicals, and Z is a bivalent aliphatic radical. The dicarboxylic acid structural radicals are derived in particular from adipic acid. The polyamides have high glass transition temperatures, and have a low water absorption and also good stability to hydrolysis. They can be processed into moulded articles (for example by the injection moulding process and extrusion process).

Abstract: Apparatus for developing latent images of X-rayed objects on dielectric receptor sheets has a carrier which advances receptor sheets along a circular path about a horizontal axis. A tank with an open top is installed below the six o'clock position of the carrier and contains a horizontal developing electrode having narrow elongated channels extending in parallelism with the axis of the carrier. A pump draws liquid developer from a vessel in which the tank is confined and admits the developer into the bottom zone of the tank wherein the developer rises to fill and flow above the channels of the electrode and to thereby contact the latent image of a sheet on the moving carrier. The surplus of liquid developer overflows the upper edge of the tank and returns into the vessel. The electrode is movable up and down by rotary eccentrics to thereby influence the development of latent images, especially the development of outlines of dark portions of the images.

Abstract: New crosslinkable polymers, in particular polymerization products of 5-maleimidyl-isophthalic acid derivatives and 5-(nadic acid)-isophthalic acid derivatives and vinyl monomers and polycondensation products of the said isophthalic acid derivatives and diamines, diols or aminoalcohols and optionally a di-, tri- or tetra-carboxylic acid derivative are described. These polymers are distinguished by good processability and good solubility in customary organic solvents and are suitable for the manufacture of various industrial products, such as thin films, thick films and compression mouldings. spThis is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 696,349, filed on June 15, 1976, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,115,368, issued on Sept. 19, 1978.

Abstract: New crosslinkable polymers, in particular polymerization products of 5-maleimidyl-trimellitic acid derivatives and 3,5-bis-(maleimidyl)-phthalic acid derivatives and vinyl monomers and polycondensation products of the said imidyl compounds and diamines, diols or amino-alcohols and optionally a di-, tri- or tetra-carboxylic acid derivative are described. These polymers are distinguished by good processability and good solubility in customary organic solvents and are suitable for the manufacture of very diverse industrial products, such as thin and thick films and the like.

Abstract: Relative movement is effected between the original and the projection system of the copying machine, and the latter projects images of successive transverse strip-shaped sections of the original onto the recording medium. The projection system comprises a plurality of lens-row systems. Each lens-row system includes a first lens row which receives light from a strip-shaped section of the original and projects into an intermediate image plane, and a second lens row which receives light from the intermediate image plane and projects that light onto the recording medium. The lens-row systems are spaced apart in a direction transverse to the direction of elongation of the individual lens rows. The light passing through each lens-row system includes a plurality of central rays, each passing through the optical center of one lens element of the first lens row and through the optical center of the corresponding lens element of the second lens row.

Abstract: An ionography imaging chamber wherein the front side face of the pressure vessel is immediately adjacent to the foremost portion of the interelectrode gap and the image-receiving part of a dielectric receptor sheet in the gap extends into immediate proximity of the front side face. The front part of the margin of the sheet is bent over the front edge portion of one of the electrodes, and the gasket which seals the interelectrode gap while the latter is filled with compressed high Z gas abuts against the folded-over front part of the sheet. The sheet is attached to a drawer which carries one of the electrodes and is insertable into a compartment of the main section of the pressure vessel. One or more auxiliary electrodes are installed in the foremost portion of the gap to prevent distortion of latent images in the region which is nearest to the front side face of the pressure vessel.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic copier a fusing station is provided at which a toner image previously formed on a copy carrier is fixed on the carrier by fusing. The fusing station includes a flash tube which, when discharged, produces the heat required for the fusing operation. The electrical energy required by the flash tube is supplied from a flash capacitor. To avoid current spikes during charging of the flash capacitor the same receives its current from a drive system which includes a motor-driven generator in circuit with the flash tube; the inertia of the drive system acts as a buffer between the flash capacitor and the current supply source and prevents the occurrence of current peaks during the charging of the capacitor.

Abstract: New crosslinkable polymers, in particular polymerization products of 5-maleimidyl-isophthalic acid derivatives and 5-(nadic acid)-isophthalic acid derivatives and vinyl monomers and polycondensation products of the said isophthalic acid derivatives and diamines, diols or aminoalcohols and optionally a di-, tri- or tetra-carboxylic acid derivative are described. These polymers are distinguished by good processability and good solubility in customary organic solvents and are suitable for the manufacture of various industrial products, such as thin films, thick films and compression mouldings.

Abstract: New crosslinkable polymers, in particular polymerization products of 5-maleimidyl-trimellitic acid derivatives and 3,5-bis-(maleimidyl)-phthalic acid derivatives and vinyl monomers and polycondensation products of the said imidyl compounds and diamines, diols or amino-alcohols and optionally a di-, tri- or tetra-carboxylic acid derivative are described. These polymers are distinguished by good processability and good solubility in customary organic solvents and are suitable for the manufacture of very diverse industrial products, such as thin and thick films and the like.

Abstract: An image is formed on a recording medium by illuminating a multitude of points on the surface of the recording medium to form lines of image points. Relative movement is effected between the recording medium and a plurality of light-emitting diodes. The light-emitting diodes are arranged in a plurality of rows. Each row extends parallel to the direction in which a line of image points to be formed upon the recording medium extends. The rows are arranged successively in the direction of relative movement. A plurality of projector lenses is operative for projecting reduced-scale images of the light emitted by the light-emitting elements of the plurality of rows onto a portion of the recording medium on which a single line of image points is to be formed. The projector lenses are arranged in a plurality of lens rows, each of which extends parallel to the direction of the line of image points to be formed.