Abstract: Methods of maintaining and/or attenuating a decline in the quality of life of a mammal comprising the step of administering to the mammal a composition comprising an effective amount of mannoheptulose wherein the effective amount of mannoheptulose provides a dosage to the mammal on a daily basis from about 0.001 gram per kilogram of body weight of the mammal to about 1 gram per kilogram of body weight of the mammal.

Abstract: Methods of maintaining and/or attenuating a decline in the quality of life of a mammal comprising the step of administering to the mammal a composition comprising an effective amount of mannoheptulose wherein the effective amount of mannoheptulose provides a dosage to the mammal on a daily basis from about 0.001 gram per kilogram of body weight of the mammal to about 1 gram per kilogram of body weight of the mammal.

Abstract: Methods of maintaining and/or attenuating a decline in the quality of life of a mammal comprising the step of administering to the mammal a composition comprising an effective amount of mannoheptulose wherein the effective amount of mannoheptulose provides a dosage to the mammal on a daily basis from about 0.001 gram per kilogram of body weight of the mammal to about 1 gram per kilogram of body weight of the mammal.

Abstract: A method of obtaining beneficial biological results associated with caloric restriction may be gained by administration of a composition containing at least one active agent which blocks metabolism of glucose as a source of energy in cells in glucose metabolism blocking effective amounts to an animal in need thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of using glucose anti-metabolites to alter utilization of glucose or other energy sources and to mimic metabolic effects of caloric restriction. In particular, in one embodiment herein, methods of enhancing longevity in an animal are described, the methods comprising administration of a composition comprising a glucose anti-metabolite to the animal. In another embodiment, methods of enhancing longevity in an animal are described, the methods comprising administration of a composition comprising avocado extract, wherein the avocado extract comprises mannoheptulose. In yet another embodiment, methods of enhancing longevity in an animal are described, the methods comprising administration of a composition comprising mannoheptulose.

Abstract: A method of obtaining beneficial biological results associated with caloric restriction may be gained by administration of a composition containing at least one active agent which blocks metabolism of glucose as a source of energy in cells in glucose metabolism blocking effective amounts to an animal in need thereof.

Abstract: Solid dosage forms are produced by absorbing solutions of drug:cyclodextrin inclusion complexes on absorbing matrices and then drying. The matrices may, but need not, disintegrate in water. The resulting forms are suitable for oral or sublingual administration, and also can be used in topical administrations to mucosa covered tissues. They are particularly suitable for sublingual administration because the eluted, nondisintegrated matrix (e.g., absorbing paper) can be recovered and checked for completion of elution. This enables documentation that effective absorption occurred from the mouth cavity.

Abstract: Solid dosage forms are produced by absorbing solutions of drug:cyclodextrin inclusion complexes on absorbing matrices and then drying. The matrices may, but need not, disintegrate in water. The resulting forms are suitable for oral or sublingual administration, and also can be used in topical administrations to mucosa covered tissues. They are particularly suitable for sublingual administration because the eluted, nondisintegrated matrix (e.g., absorbing paper) can be recovered and checked for completion of elution. This enables documentation that effective absorption occurred from the mouth cavity.

Abstract: Certain mixtures of cyclodextrin derivatives, which were synthesized in mildly basic conditions, can be separated into mixtures that crystallize easily and mixtures of similar composition, which remain amorphous. Thus, it is possible to obtain the particular advantages of crystalline and/or amorphous state components from one reaction product. Both crystalline and amorphous components of the product have good ability to form inclusion complexes.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the potentiation of formation of inclusion complexes of electroneutral and anionic compounds. Included are compositions containing complexes of two different cyclodextrin species. New complexes containing as guest molecules active agents which have been first converted to salts are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of obtaining beneficial biological results associated with caloric restriction may be gained by administration of a composition containing at least one active agent which blocks metabolism of glucose as a source of energy in cells in glucose metabolism blocking effective amounts to an animal in need thereof.

Abstract: The preparation of compositions containing cyclodextrin moieties which are modified by fusing 1,4 dioxane rights to glucopyranosyl residues is described.

Abstract: By controlling basicity of the reaction, is possible to alkylate preferentially the secondary hydroxyls of cyclodextrins. These hydroxyls surround the principal, wide, entry into the cyclodextrin cavity and, thus, their substitution by suitably chosen substituents can improve the formation of inclusion complexes. By methods of the invention, cyclodextrin derivatives substituted with fused 1,4-dioxane ring(s) can be obtained. If a reagent with one alkylating moiety is used, a mixture of ethers of cyclodextrin is formed. Using methods of this invention, up to 96% of the substitution can be directed to the secondary hydroxyls.

Abstract: By controlling basicity of the reaction, it is possible to alkylate preferentially the secondary hydroxyls of cyclodextrins. These hydroxyls surround the principal, wide, entry into the cyclodextrin cavity and, thus, their substitution by suitably chosen substituents can improve the formation of inclusion complexes. By methods of the invention, cyclodextrin derivatives substituted with fused 1,4-dioxane ring(s) can be obtained. If a reagent with one alkylating moiety is used, a mixture of ethers of cyclodextrin is formed. Using methods of this invention, up to 96% of the substitution can be directed to the secondary hydroxyls.

Abstract: The invention relates to cyclodextrin glycosides and processes for their preparation. The cyclodextrin glycosides according to the invention are cyclodextrins substituted by 2-acetamido-2-deoxyaldoses. These cyclodextrin glycosides are prepared by a process which is characterized in that cyclodextrins are reacted with 2-acetamido-2-deoxyaldoses in an anhydrous acid medium and the reaction products are then treated with a mild base. The cyclodextrin glycosides can be used for solubilization of substances which are sparingly soluble or insoluble in water.

Abstract: Compounds that selectively bind 5-HT.sub.1A receptors in preference to other 5-HT receptors are provided along with methods for their use. Such compounds have the formula ##STR1## wherein A is an aromatic group selected to provide, with the glycidyl residue that forms the next portion of the molecule, a 5-HT-like portion of the molecule that represents the primary binding site of the molecule with a 5-HT receptor: X represents a quarternary carbon and its attached alkyl groups: Y represents a hydrocarbon linking group: Z represents hydrogen or an organic group containing up to 12 carbon and/or heteroatoms in its skeletal structure: and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represent hydrogen or an alkyl group. The aromatic group is most preferably indole or an indole derivative.

Abstract: A process for producing monosubstituted alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins includes the step of condensing an excess of a cyclodextrin with an epoxide under alkaline conditions. A process for increasing the solubility of cyclodextrins includes the step of reacting a cyclodextrin with an amine under heterogenous catalytic conditions, or subjecting the cyclodextrin to sulfatation. Compositions useful in these processes include one containing at least one cyclodextrin, ammonia and Raney nickel, and a second composition containing at least one cyclodextrin, chlorosulfonic acid and pyridine.

Abstract: The dissolution of lipophilic compounds in aqueous solutions of hydroxypropylcyclodextrins can be accelerated by the addition of co-solubilizers, such as ethanol or ammonia, which again can be removed, together with water, by evaporation or by freeze-drying leaving lipophile: hydroxypropylcyclodextrin complexes as a residue. The co-solubilizer method was used successfully with steroid drugs (5-androstene-3.beta.,17.beta.-diol, 4-androstene-3,17-dione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dexamethasone, 5-.alpha.-dihydro-testosterone, 6-methylprednisolone, and testosterone), peptides (gramicidin S) and a macrocyclic antibiotic (amphotericin B). The complexes prepared in this manner were amorphous and possessed satisfactory stability.

Abstract: Alkylating analogs of prazosin were synthesized and found to compete with nanomolar potency at .sup.3 H-prazosin binding sites of rat tissues. The compounds were found to be irreversible ligands at .sup.3 H-prazosin binding sites, and denoted a subtype of alpha.sub.1 -adrenoceptors.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a desired pattern of substitution of hydroxyalkyl groups on cyclodextrins which comprises controlling the basicity of a reaction mixture comprising epoxide and cyclodextrins and a suitable solvent. Through the proper control of basicity with, e.g., sodium hydroxide, hydroxyalkyl substitution may be directed either toward the narrow or wide opening of the cavity of cyclodextrins.