Abstract: A foil composite material usable as a layer in a card body of a portable data carrier, that includes one outer plastic layer, one inner plastic layer and one second outer plastic layer. All the layers jointly form a coextruded composite, and the plastic of one outer layer is a thermoplastic polymer or a mixture thereof. The plastic of the one inner layer is a mixture of at least one thermoplastic elastomer and at least one thermoplastic polymer. The plastic of the second outer layer is a thermoplastic polymer or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A card body for a portable data carrier, in particular a chip card or magnetic strip card, and a method for manufacturing a card body. The card body includes at least a coextruded foil having at least two areas with different material properties. By using coextruded foils a card body consisting of a plurality of alternating opaque and transmissive strips as well as a card body with a window can be formed in a simple fashion.

Abstract: A method for producing a foil composite material, in particular for use as a layer in a card body, preferably in a card body of a portable data carrier, whereby using a coextrusion process, at least a first plastic melt of plastic including a thermoplastic elastomer and at least a second plastic melt of plastic without a thermoplastic elastomer, are joined in such a fashion that a foil composite material is formed. This foil composite material contains one or several outer first layers of plastic without a thermoplastic elastomer, one or several middle second layers of plastic including a thermoplastic elastomer and one or several outer third layers of plastic without a thermoplastic elastomer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a data carrier card and to a method for producing a data carrier card, in particular a chip card or magnetic stripe card. The data carrier card according to the invention comprises a card body (1, 101, 201, 301, 401) comprising one or several foils, whereby the foil (2) or at least one of the foils (2, 3, 4) is a coextruded foil (2) comprising at least two areas with different material properties. The use of coextruded foils makes it possible to form in a simple manner different areas in the card body which differ from each other in material quality. In particular, it is possible to form for example a data carrier card with a card body comprising a plurality of alternating opaque and transmissive strips or with window strips and/or windows enclosed in the surface of the card body.

Abstract: The invention relates to a data carrier into which, by means of a laser beam, identifiers are introduced that are visible in the form of irreversible changes, caused by the laser beam, in the optical properties of the data carrier. According to the present invention, the data carrier comprises a laser-sensitive layer (20) that is opaque in the visible spectral range, and that is combined with a securing layer (22) that is metallized at least in a sub-area, the identifiers (30, 32) being introduced by the laser beam simultaneously and in perfect register into the laser-sensitive layer (20) and the metallized sub-area (24) of the securing layer (22).

Abstract: A card laminate is produced from a centrally disposed foil laminate (1) consisting of an interior layer (2) with a metal layer (3) and with two exterior transparent plastic layers (4a, 4b), and two exterior plastic films (5a, 5b) of which at least the plastic film (5a) overlying the metal layer (3) is transparent and carries a print (6a). If the print (6a) is on the exterior, a transparent cover layer (7a) is furthermore provided. Materials and layer thicknesses are preferably selected symmetrically to the interior, metallized layer (2, 3) in order to reduce warping effects.

Abstract: An image-receiving layer (1) for receiving information (5) transferred by transfer thermography, and the use of same in portable data carriers. According to the invention, the image-receiving layer (1) is formed of two parts, a carrier layer (2) as well as an acceptor layer (3), and is produced by co-extruding two source materials, one of which being an amorphous polyester, e.g. PETG, the other a mixture of PETG with 10 to 90 wt. % styrene polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a data carrier into which, by means of a laser beam, identifiers are introduced that are visible in the form of irreversible changes, caused by the laser beam, in the optical properties of the data carrier. According to the present invention, the data carrier comprises a laser-sensitive layer (20) that is opaque in the visible spectral range, and that is combined with a securing layer (22) that is metallized at least in a sub-area, the identifiers (30, 32) being introduced by the laser beam simultaneously and in perfect register into the laser-sensitive layer (20) and the metallized sub-area (24) of the securing layer (22).

Abstract: A card laminate is produced from a centrally disposed foil laminate (1) consisting of an interior layer (2) with a metal layer (3) and with two exterior transparent plastic layers (4a, 4b), and two exterior plastic films (5a, 5b) of which at least the plastic film (5a) overlying the metal layer (3) is transparent and carries a print (6a). If the print (6a) is on the exterior, a transparent cover layer (7a) is furthermore provided. Materials and layer thicknesses are preferably selected symmetrically to the interior, metallized layer (2, 3) in order to reduce warping effects.

Abstract: The invention relates to an identification document, such as a passport or the like, which consists of a plurality of sheets bound into a book at a seam. At least one of the sheets forms a data sheet provided with information and consisting at least of two layers, at least one of the layers being transparent. The format of the layers is selected so that they protrude beyond the area of the seam thereby ensuring a connection of the data sheet with the other sheets of the identification document in the area of the seam. The layers are connected into an inseparable laminate in the area of the information but do not stick together in the area of the seam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a single- or multilayer data carrier, such as an identity card, bank card or the like. The data carrier has at least one plastic layer, this plastic layer consisting of a thermally nonrecrystallizing polyester.

Abstract: Apparatus for carrying out a method for the catalytic conversion of waste gases such as those which accumulate in the synthesis of vinyl chloride is presented in which the waste gases are successively treated at an elevated temperature with a catalyst for oxidative cracking and with a catalyst for oxidative afterburning.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of 1,2-dichloroethane from ethylene by reaction with hydrogen chloride and inert gases containing oxygen, and also by reaction with chlorine, is described. The two chlorination reactions are carried out successively at 180.degree. to 360.degree. C. and under a pressure of 0.09 to 1.1 MPa in a common reaction space containing fluidized catalyst particles. A stoichiometric excess of ethylene is employed for the first chlorination reaction. The heat formed in the reaction space is removed by indirect cooling. The process is simple in terms of apparatus and permits a better re-use of the total heat of reaction of the chlorination of ethylene.

Abstract: A process for the purification of 1,2-dichloroethane is described, in which the crude product, containing not more than 3% by weight of high-boilers, is distilled in a first column at 125.degree. to 180.degree. C. in such a way that the bottom product contains not more than 7% by weight of high-boilers. The purified, vaporous 1,2-dichloroethane discharged at the head of this column is used to heat product streams containing 1,2-dichloroethane. The bottom product from the first column is distilled in a second column, advantageously at a pressure of 5 to 40 kPa, together with a feed composed of vaporous 1,2-dichloroethane obtained from the reaction of ethylene with chlorine. The process makes it possible to purify 1,2-dichloroethane with a saving in energy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the improvement of metal cords for the reinforcement of elastomeric bodies, in particular of vehicle tires which are provided with retaining helixes on their outsides. The problem was to avoid the disadvantageous properties of the retaining helixes in reinforced elastomeric bodies, namely, the impairment of the inherent elasticity of the metal cord and the fretting of the retaining helixes on the outer layer of the metal cord. The problem particularly resided in the improvement of socalled compact cords, meaning cords consisting of layers of identical twisting sense. For the solution of this problem, it is proposed to provide a core strand of shorter twisting pitch (twisting pitch ratio of preferably 1:2 or less) than the twisting pitch of the adjacent outer layer; this in particular in the case of metals cords having more than two layers.

Abstract: Supported silver catalysts, which should have as high an activity as possible, are employed for the manufacture of ethylene oxide by oxidizing ethylene by means of oxygen or air. A process is described for improving the activity of supported silver catalysts which have already been used, in which the used catalyst is first washed with an inert liquid containing ammonia and/or aliphatic amines and 1 to 1,000 parts, per 1 million parts of catalyst, of cesium, rubidium or a mixture thereof is then deposited on the washed catalyst. The deposition is generally effected with the aid of an impregnating solution containing the cesium and/or rubidium compounds in a suitable quantity. This process makes it possible to improve considerably the activity of supported silver catalysts which have already been in use for the oxidation of ethylene by means of oxygen or air.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of 1,2-dichloroethane is described, in which 1 mol of ethylene, 0.35 to 0.7 mol of chlorine, 0.7 to 1.4 mol of hydrogen chloride and 0.2 to 0.6 mol of oxygen, optionally together with inert gas, are reacted in a reaction zone containing surfaces capable of being heated and cooled, at 180.degree. to 260.degree. C. and under a pressure of 0.09 to 1.1 MPa, in the presence of a fixed bed catalyst containing copper. The process allows better utilization of the heat generated in the chlorination of ethylene.

Abstract: The description covers a process for the manufacture of vinyl chloride by thermal cracking of 1,2-dichloroethane. The hot gas leaving the reaction furnace is cooled to the inlet temperature of the column in which the hydrogen chloride is separated from the products of thermal cracking of the 1,2-dichloroethane. Within the range of 560.degree. to 480.degree. C. and of 220.degree. to 120.degree. C., one or more cooling stages are applied through which the reaction gas mixture passes at high flow velocity, the cooling device being preferably a single-tube cooler. Starting from about 220.degree. C., a liquid substantially consisting of 1,2-dichloroethane may be added intermittently. The heat transferred to the coolant in the stages of indirect cooling is preferably reused within the vinyl chloride manufacturing process.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride is produced by pyrolytic decomposition of 1,2-dichloroethane in a furnace with coiled up reaction tube having an internal diameter of from 12 to 16 cm. The dichloroethane is vaporized completely in the convection zone of the pyrolytic furnace, different amounts of heat are supplied to the different zones of the reaction tube and, after decomposition in the working up of the reaction products, the low-boiling constitutents are treated with chlorine and separated together with the high-boiling constituents.

Abstract: The activity of supported silver catalysts, which have been used for the direct oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide with molecular oxygen or air and to which from 1 to 1,000 parts, per 1 million parts of catalyst, of cesium and/or rubidium have been applied, is improved by washing the catalyst with an inert liquid prior to the application of cesium and/or rubidium.