Abstract: A superconducting fiber bundle includes carrier material formed by fibers of carbon, silicon carbide, steel, boron or glass. The fibers have a superconducting coating formed of a superconducting, non-metallic, inorganic material. The coating of the fibers is carried out from the liquid phase or the gas phase.

Abstract: A catalyst for the elimination of toxic substances in exhaust gases from combustion systems and internal combustion engines, having at least one layer of catalyst material, includes a catalyst material formed by at least one mixed oxide system, which has unsaturated ions on its surface that effect charge transfer processes. A method for manufacturing such a catalyst includes grinding dry carbonates or oxides of lanthanum, manganese, iron, copper and strontium in a defined ratio by weight for at least one hour, and sintering the powder mixture thus formed at 1300.degree. C. for forming the perovskite structure or the perovskite and spinel structure.

Abstract: A fuel cell assembly has at least one fuel cell with an anode, a cathode and an ion-conducting solid electrolyte. A plurality of fuel cells are combined to form a fuel cell block which meets technical requirements and can be produced cost-effectively.

Abstract: A catalyst is used for removing toxic substances from the exhaust gases of combustion installations and internal combustion engines, by reduction with carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrocarbons or ammonia. The catalyst is produced using a single-phase or multi-phase mixed oxide system with a pure perovskite structure or a perovskite and spinel structure. To produce the catalyst, carbonates or oxides of lanthanum, strontium, manganese, iron and copper are mixed, crushed, dried and ground to a fine powder with a particle size between 0.1 and 5 microns. This powder is then processed to form a catalytically active layer.

Abstract: A superconductor and a method of producing the same include a supporting substrate and a superconducting oxide ceramic material applied to the supporting substrate. At least one thermally and chemically stable intermediate layer is applied directly between the superconducting ceramic material and the substrate.

Abstract: A sanitary mixing valve is disclosed in which a ceramic body is provided with a valve cartridge mounting means which relieves stresses and other clamping forces when a valve cartridge assembly is mounted in the ceramic body.

Abstract: A high-temperature shielding coating for structural elements, in particular elements made of an austenitic material, characterized by the metallic mixed oxide system having a perovskite structure and the chemical formula:A.sub.1-x B.sub.x MO.sub.3wherein A is a metal from secondary group III, B a metal from primary group II and M a metal from secondary group VI, VII or VIII of the periodic table of chemical elements, and the stoichiometric factor x has a vlaue between 0 and 0.8.

Abstract: Method for measuring the free oxygen concentration in gas mixtures, especially combustion gases, with an electrochemical measuring device which comprises an oxygen ion-conducting solid electrolyte and two electrodes to which the supply voltage U.sub.s is fed. The supply voltage U.sub.s is formed from the sum of at least two voltage components U.sub.a and U.sub.v. The first voltage component U.sub.a is kept at a constant predeterminable value which is required for ionizing the free oxygen. The second voltage component U.sub.v is kept variable and its respective value is determined as a function of the magnitude of the probe current I.sub.s flowing between the electrodes.

Abstract: An electrochemical measuring cell, in particular for the determination of the oxygen content in gases, which has an ion-conducting, solid electrolyte. The latter is provided with at least one electrode in the form of a porous layer containing electron-conducting, ceramic oxide material.For the improvement of the electron-conductivity of the electrode there is embedded in the layer metallic material such as a metal wire whose electron-conductivity is greater than the electron-conductivity of the oxide material. Only as much metallic material need be added to increase the electron-conductivity of the electrode sufficiently to a predetermined value.

Abstract: Determining the oxygen content in gases, particularly combustion exhaust gases, uninfluenced by temperature variations of the gases by passing the gases into a first electrical measuring cell having a solid electrolyte and electrodes connected to a current source. A diffusion-limited electric current flow dependent on the oxygen content of the gases is obtained and measured as a first electrical signal. Passing an auxiliary gas with constant oxygen content into a second measuring cell similar to the first cell and under the same conditions and obtaining a second electrical signal. The quotient of the two electrical signals is a measure of the oxygen content of the gases uninfluenced by temperature variations of the gases.

Abstract: Electrochemical measuring device for determining the oxygen content in gases with approximately constant pressure, especially in combustion exhaust gases, with an oxygen ion-conducting solid electrolyte having two electrodes connected to a voltage source, and measuring changes in current. In combination with the electrical measuring device, a constriction is disposed in the path of the constant pressure gas stream with the constriction having a passageway of cross sectional area to pass the gas stream at the velocity of sound under the condition of critical pressure ratio dependent on a ratio of the pressure at the outflow side of the inflow side of the constriction which brings about sound velocity of the gas stream.

Abstract: An electrochemical measuring cell for determining the oxygen content in exhaust gases from internal-combustion engines and combustions having an ion-conducting solid electrolyte with a measuring electrode as a first layer on the solid electrolyte and a reference electrode as a second layer on the solid electrolyte. A third layer coats the first layer measuring electrode and contains a material with a high partial oxygen pressure to obtain a characteristic U=f(.lambda.) which has a small slope in the range of the air number of about 1; a material with a medium partial oxygen pressure to obtain a characteristic with a medium slope; and a material with low partial oxygen pressure to obtain a characteristic with a steep slope.

Abstract: Electrochemical sensor for determining the oxygen content in gases, particularly in exhaust gases from burners or internal-combustion engines, having an ion-conducting solid-electrolyte tube closed at one end and open at the other end for the entry of reference gas to the interior of the tube, a housing surrounding the open end of the tube, electrodes on the inner and outer surfaces of the tube connected to external leads via contact areas, an insulating hollow body on the open end of the tube between the tube and housing, contact areas on a transversal shoulder, conductor strips from the electrodes to the shoulder, a structural unit in the housing standing on the shoulder, radially disposed electric conductors in the structural unit with the lower ends touching the contact areas and the upper ends forming the external connections, and a spring urging the structural unit against the contact areas.

Abstract: A probe for an electrochemical oxygen measurement pickup having an oxygen ion-conducting solid electrolyte with electrodes and electrical contact points connected by conductors to the electrodes, in which the probe has an electrochemically active region provided with the electrodes and an electrochemically passive region provided with the contact points as well as with their electrical connections to the electrodes. This minimizes or avoids false readings resulting from temperature gradient and changes in chemical equilibrium.

Abstract: Solid-electrolyte battery, particularly for the storage of electrical energy, with at least one anode space and one cathode space forming electrode spaces, which are connected with one another by ionic conduction through a solid electrolyte and which have collecting and equalizing spaces for the reactants and reaction products, wherein the solid-electrolyte battery includes a number of parallel-connected, hole-like electrode spaces including anode and cathode spaces, which are bounded by the solid electrolyte and distributed alternately and close together, so that each of the electrode spaces presents reaction surfaces simultaneously to at least two neighboring electrode spaces of the opposite polarity.

Abstract: A method for automatically controlling the air ratio of a combustion process by adjustment of the fuel-air mixture as function of the air number, the air number of the exhaust gas being measured with a sensor which is particularly sensitive at an air number of a given magnitude, and the combustion process operating with an air ratio having an air number of a different magnitude out of the sensitivity range of the sensor which includes extracting a hot exhaust gas stream from a combustion process having an air ratio with an air number out of the given sensitivity range of a sensor changing the amount of air in the exhaust gas stream to provide an auxiliary gas stream having an air number in the sensitivity range of the sensor, measuring the air number of the auxiliary gas stream to detect the difference from the air number of the given magnitude, and controlling the air ratio of the combustion process to maintain the air number of the auxiliary gas stream at the given magnitude, and apparatus for carrying out

Abstract: An electrochemical storage cell or battery based on alkali metal and sulfur with at least one anode chamber containing alkali metal and one cathode chamber containing sulfur-alkali compounds separated from each other by an ion-conducting solid electrolyte wherein the sulfur-alkali compounds are at least partially dissolved in an organic liquid solvent with a boiling point above the operating temperature of the cell, the operating temperature being in the range of about 100.degree. to 200 C. The solvent permits lower operating temperature with reduced rate of corrosion.