Abstract: A method for manufacturing three-dimensional products with at least one inclined product portion made of a fiber-containing material using at least one forming tool and a forming tool are described. Vibrations are introduced via a device and this results in an improved compression of fiber-containing material in the region of inclined portions.

Abstract: A surface portion made of fibrous material for processing into a three-dimensional molded part by a forming process, a method for producing a surface portion made of fibrous material for processing into a three-dimensional molded part by a forming process, and a method for producing three-dimensional molded parts from a surface portion made of fibrous material are described. The degree of forming of surface portions can be significantly increased by means of a defined separation of the fibrous material before the forming.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing three-dimensional products with at least one inclined product portion made of a fiber-containing material using at least one forming tool and a forming tool are described. Vibrations are introduced via a device and this results in an improved compression of fiber-containing material in the region of inclined portions.

Abstract: A thermal measurement system includes a thermocouple configured to couple to a location of a heating element of an electronic smoking article. The thermocouple is structured to measure a surface temperature of the location. A thermocouple data module is operatively connected to the thermocouple and is structured to receive data of the surface temperature from the thermocouple. A pneumatic system is configured to connect to an end of the electronic smoking article and draw an air flow through the electronic smoking article. The pneumatic system includes a solenoid valve having an open state that causes air to flow through the electronic smoking article. The solenoid valve has a closed state that prevents air flow through the electronic smoking article. An infrared camera is disposed over the viewing window. The infrared camera is configured to measure a wire temperature of a heating element wire of the electronic smoking article.

Abstract: A thermal measurement system includes a thermocouple configured to couple to a location of a heating element of an electronic smoking article. The thermocouple is structured to measure a surface temperature of the location. A thermocouple data module is operatively connected to the thermocouple and is structured to receive data of the surface temperature from the thermocouple. A pneumatic system is configured to connect to an end of the electronic smoking article and draw an air flow through the electronic smoking article. The pneumatic system includes a solenoid valve having an open state that causes air to flow through the electronic smoking article. The solenoid valve has a closed state that prevents air flow through the electronic smoking article. An infrared camera is disposed over the viewing window. The infrared camera is configured to measure a wire temperature of a heating element wire of the electronic smoking article.