Abstract: In a method for estimating crude oil production, a geographic (or market) region is first identified and selected, and a value of natural gas pipeline activity for the region is determined. That value of natural gas pipeline activity for the region is then calibrated against historical crude oil production data for the region to establish a model for estimating the crude oil production for the region. Subsequently, as natural gas production data for a particular time period is received, it is input into the model to estimate crude oil production in the region, and that estimated crude oil production for the region and for the particular time period is reported to third-party market participants.

Abstract: Functionalized films are provided comprising a film of ZnO or ZnO alloy disposed over a supporting substrate and a layer of organic molecules comprising terminal carboxylic acid linkage groups, wherein the organic molecules are bound to a surface of the film of ZnO or ZnO alloy via the terminal carboxylic acid linkage groups. Thin film transistors comprising the functionalized films are also provided. The functionalized films may be formed using polycrystalline ZnO and saturated fatty acids, such as stearic acid.

Abstract: A method and system for estimating production of an energy commodity for a selected producer includes the steps of: identifying a producer-associated region, including an identification of transaction points within the producer-associated region; storing transfer datasets associated with the identified transaction points, such as natural gas pipeline nominations or crude oil transfer datasets, in a database; choosing a subset of transfer datasets from the database; determining an aggregated value for overall production activity from the subset of transfer datasets; and correlating the aggregated value for overall production activity against historical production data to establish a model for estimating production of the energy commodity by the producer. When transfer datasets are subsequently received, those transfer datasets are input into the model to estimate production of the energy commodity by the producer.

Abstract: In a method for estimating crude oil production, a geographic (or market) region is first identified and selected, and a value of natural gas pipeline activity for the region is determined. That value of natural gas pipeline activity for the region is then calibrated against historical crude oil production data for the region to establish a model for estimating the crude oil production for the region. Subsequently, as natural gas production data for a particular time period is received, it is input into the model to estimate crude oil production in the region, and that estimated crude oil production for the region and for the particular time period is reported to third-party market participants.

Abstract: Functionalized films are provided comprising a film of ZnO or ZnO alloy disposed over a supporting substrate and a layer of organic molecules comprising terminal carboxylic acid linkage groups, wherein the organic molecules are bound to a surface of the film of ZnO or ZnO alloy via the terminal carboxylic acid linkage groups. Thin film transistors comprising the functionalized films are also provided. The functionalized films may be formed using polycrystalline ZnO and saturated fatty acids, such as stearic acid.