Abstract: A process for upgrading technical low grade cerium/fluorine-containing residues having concentrations of silicon and iron above about 1.0 weight percent produces compositions wherein the combined silicon and iron content is less than about 1.0 weight percent. Typically, the cerium content is raised to above about 50 weight percent and sufficient fluorine is present for the fluorine-to-cerium molar ratio to be 3.0 or above. Lubricating compositions comprising a major part of a lubricant and a minor amount of said upgraded cerium/fluorine-containing residue are useful as anti-wear lubricants.

Abstract: Additives containing a salt or complex of trithiocarbonic acid are useful in lubricants to enhance the extreme pressure/anti-wear and anti-oxidation capabilities thereof. The lubricants are preferably oils of lubricating viscosity, which may be thickened to a grease-like consistency with one or more oil thickeners, and contains from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent of said additives.

Abstract: Additives comprising a salt or complex of tetrathiocarbonic acid are useful in lubricants to enhance both the extreme pressure/anti-wear and anti-oxidant capabilities thereof. The lubricants preferably are oils of lubricating viscosity, which may be thickened to grease-like consistency with one or more oil thickeners, and contain from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent of said additives.