Abstract: A semiconductor wafer composite is used as a basis for fabricating semiconductor chips, especially compound semiconductor devices. The semiconductor wafer composite advantageously comprises a metallic substrate 210 and multiple semiconductor tiles 220 bonded to the surface of the metallic substrate 210. The semiconductor wafer composite is effectively used as a single large semiconductor wafer for volume fabrication, and can be used to fabricate semiconductor devices in a similar manner.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing bonded substrates. The method includes providing a metallic substrate. The metal substrate has a predetermined thickness. The method also includes bonding a first thickness of compound semiconductor material overlying the metallic substrate and reducing a thickness of the first thickness of compound semiconductor material to a second thickness. The method includes forming one or more via structures through a portion of the second thickness of compound semiconductor material to a portion of the underlying metal substrate, whereupon the via structure electrically connects to the metal substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer composite is used as a basis for fabricating semiconductor chips, especially compound semiconductor devices. The semiconductor wafer composite advantageously comprises a metallic substrate 210 and multiple semiconductor tiles 220 bonded to the surface of the metallic substrate 210. The semiconductor wafer composite is effectively used as a single large semiconductor wafer for volume fabrication, and can be used to fabricate semiconductor devices in a similar manner.

Abstract: An aqueous additive containing a metal compound is used to improve the operation of combustion exhaust after treatment systems. The additive is introduced into the combustion chamber as part of an emulsion with the fuel or, alternatively, in the emulsion or alone as an aqueous stream introduced into the exhaust or emission path. The metal compound scavenges combustion byproducts in order to protect and make more efficient the after treatment system.

Abstract: A messaging applications router (MAR, 1) has router notes (RNs) which interface with external short message service centers (SMSCs). A management node (MN, 12) and each router node maintain a DNS server, and in the routing nodes the DNS servers are linked with a routing agent (RA). Each router node binds to SMSCs transparently to the ESMEs depending upon current load distribution and configuration settings.

Abstract: A roaming interworking gateway has a modular unit associated with an IS.41 system, a modular unit associated with a FSM system, and a translation function. The translation function accesses a database which stores subscriber data upon registration of a subscriber in a roamed mobile system. Each modular unit comprises an authentication center to perform authentication before registration. The RIG is implemented on a distributed hardware structure having a high-speed network to which are connected network access processors (NAP), database servers, and an operations and maintenance processor. Each modular unit resides on a single network access processor. The translation function has a module residing on the NAP of each associated modular unit.

Abstract: A HLR (10) has a bus (11) which interconnects a NAP layer (12), a DBS layer (13) and an OMP layer (14). All accesses to a memory database (26) are through a single channel—the associated DBS (25) with associated databases (26, 27). Each NAP (20) has a directory service (21) identifying the active DB (26) for each item of subscriber data. Each DBS (25) has a shadow DBS (25) to which it automatically writes for real time synchronization.

Abstract: A transport mechanism (28) is disclosed for use in a pipe bender (10) for bending pipe sections (12), particularly pipe sections having a diameter greater than one foot. First and second powered rollers (30, 32) are mounted within the pipe bender and driven by hydraulic motors to move the pipe section in a controlled manner through the pipe bender. A hold down roller (34) is pivoted against the pipe section to force the pipe section into engagement with the powered rollers to insure an adequately frictional engagement between the rollers and the pipe section to move the pipe section through the pipe bender.

Abstract: A wheel and brake assembly having a plurality of friction members moved by a pressure plate toward a backing plate to affect a brake application. Each friction member has a metallic drive ring coupled to a carbon disc. The carbon disc on a first friction member engages a portion of the drive ring on adjacent friction members to prevent the passage of air to the coupling that could degrade the carbon disc through oxidization.

Abstract: A fluid pressure actuated piston that consists of two parts, a metallic portion and a nonmetallic portion, is disposed in a conventional, metallic, cylindrical housing. The non-metallic portion is slidably engaged with the metallic housing. The metallic portion has a clearance to prevent contact with the metallic housing and is connected to the non-metallic portion in such a manner as to provide a recess for a conventional O-ring seal. The recess has metallic O-ring sealing surfaces on both the piston and the housing without any metallic contact to the housing.

Abstract: A compact and economical supplemental home heating system utilizes a colloidal suspension of finely divided graphite particles as the collection medium. The emitter of the system is closely spaced from the collector so as to reduce complexity and cost of the system itself, as well as to facilitate inexpensive installation into existing dwellings.

Abstract: An internal pipe clamp is provided by the present invention. The clamp is designed to clamp two joints of pipe into position for a circumferential weld. The clamp includes mechanism for spacing the two joints apart a very short distance to facilitate welding. A backup member is provided which is movable from a retracted position. The backup member comprises two backup portions each of which comprises two pivotally coupled backup segments. Each segment extends through an arc of approximately 90.degree. and terminates in a wedge shaped end that is complemental to the wedge shaped end of an adjacent segment. Power cylinders move each segment from a retracted to an extended position. Power cylinders are also coupled in opposed relationship with each adjacent pair of wedge shaped ends to force same into tight contiguous relationship when the segments are extended.