Abstract: An improved aqueous defoamer composition of the type comprising from 70-90% by weight of a water-insoluble organic liquid, from 0.1 to about 20% of a hydrophobic silica suspended in the organic liquid, and from about 1 to about 20% of an oil-soluble spreading agent, the improvement which comprises utilizing as the hydrophobic silica a silica which has at least a portion of its surface esterified with a fatty epoxide.The invention also contemplates an improved method for hydrophobizing silica particles by reacting them in an organic liquid with a fatty epoxide.

Abstract: A liquid treating agent is dispersed by introducing it into a stream of air under pressure, attenuating the air-entrained liquid on the inside diameter of a conduit so the liquid will subdivide into unsuspended droplets when released through an opening, and releasing the attenuated liquid through a dispersing conduit preferably of smaller diameter so the droplets will be impelled forward, falling on the substrate.

Abstract: An antifoam/defoam composition used also as a drainage aid in pulp and papermaking process lines which consists of a water-base composition useful in the pH range 7.0-9.0. The milieu in which the composition is utilized such as e.g. black liquor, may be kept at a pH of 4.0-12.0. The composition is as follows:Hydrophobic silicaBisamide of the following formula: ##STR1## where N IS AN INTEGER FROM 1 TO 6; ANDR is a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl group having from 5 to 22 carbon atoms.Acid containing crosslinked copolymer of acrylic acidDioctyl sulfosuccinateParaffin oilWaterMore particular formulae are also set out below:______________________________________ (A) Hydrophobic silica 0-30% Ethylene-bis-stearamide .001-50% Acid containing crosslinked acrylic acid polymer .05-10% Dioctyl sulfosuccinate .05-10% Paraffin oil .001-99% H.sub.2 O .001-99% (B) Hydrophobic silica 4-12% Ethylene-bis-stearamide 4-12% Acid containing crosslinked acrylic acid polymer .