Abstract: An apparatus and program product utilize a multithreaded processor having at least one hardware thread among a plurality of hardware threads that is capable of being selectively activated and deactivated responsive to a control circuit. The control circuit additionally provides the capability of controlling how an inactive thread can be activated after the thread has been deactivated, e.g., by enabling or disabling reactivation in response to an interrupt.

Abstract: An improved solid-state laser for generating 193 nm light is described. This laser uses the 6th harmonic of a fundamental wavelength near 1160 nm to generate the 193 nm light. The laser mixes the 1160 nm fundamental wavelength with the 5th harmonic, which is at a wavelength of approximately 232 nm. By proper selection of non-linear media, such mixing can be achieved by nearly non-critical phase matching. This mixing results in high conversion efficiency, good stability, and high reliability.

Abstract: A mode-locked laser system operable at low temperature can include an annealed, frequency-conversion crystal and a housing to maintain an annealed condition of the crystal during standard operation at the low temperature. In one embodiment, the crystal can have an increased length. First beam shaping optics can be configured to focus a beam from a light source to an elliptical cross section at a beam waist located in or proximate to the crystal. A harmonic separation block can divide an output from the crystal into beams of different frequencies separated in space. In one embodiment, the mode-locked laser system can further include second beam shaping optics configured to convert an elliptical cross section of the desired frequency beam into a beam with a desired aspect ratio, such as a circular cross section.

Abstract: A pulse multiplier includes a polarizing beam splitter, a wave plate, and a set of mirrors. The polarizing beam splitter receives an input laser pulse. The wave plate receives light from the polarized beam splitter and generates a first set of pulses and a second set of pulses. The first set of pulses has a different polarization than the second set of pulses. The polarizing beam splitter, the wave plate, and the set of mirrors create a ring cavity. The polarizing beam splitter transmits the first set of pulses as an output of the pulse multiplier and reflects the second set of pulses into the ring cavity. This pulse multiplier can inexpensively reduce the peak power per pulse while increasing the number of pulses per second with minimal total power loss.

Abstract: An enclosure that maintains the environment of one or more optical crystals and allows efficient frequency conversion for light at wavelengths at or below 400 nm with minimal stress being placed on the crystals in the presence of varying temperatures. Efficient conversion may include multiple crystals of the same or different materials. Multiple frequency conversion steps may also be employed within a single enclosure. Materials that have been processed specifically to provide increased lifetimes, stability, and damage thresholds over designs previously available are employed. The enclosure allows pre-exposure processing of the crystal(s) such as baking at high temperatures and allowing real time measurement of crystal properties.

Abstract: Processor time accounting is enhanced by per-thread internal resource usage counter circuits that account for usage of processor core resources to the threads that use them. Relative resource use can be determined by detecting events such as instruction dispatches for multiple threads active within the processor, which may include idle threads that are still occupying processor resources. The values of the resource usage counters are used periodically to determine relative usage of the processor core by the multiple threads. If all of the events are for a single thread during a given period, the processor time is allocated to the single thread. If no events occur in the given period, then the processor time can be equally allocated among threads. If multiple threads are generating events, a fractional resource usage can be determined for each thread and the counters may be updated in accordance with their fractional usage.

Abstract: An apparatus, program product and method support the deallocation of a data structure in a multithreaded computer without requiring the use of computationally expensive semaphores or spin locks. Specifically, access to a data structure is governed by a shared pointer that, when a request is received to deallocate the data structure, is initially set to a value that indicates to any thread that later accesses the pointer that the data structure is not available. In addition, to address any thread that already holds a copy of the shared pointer, and thus is capable of accessing the data structure via the shared pointer after the initiation of the request, all such threads are monitored to determine whether any thread is still using the shared pointer by determining whether any thread is executing program code that is capable of using the shared pointer to access the data structure.

Abstract: An enclosure that maintains the environment of one or more optical crystals and allows efficient frequency conversion for light at wavelengths at or below 400 nm with minimal stress being placed on the crystals in the presence of varying temperatures. Efficient conversion may include multiple crystals of the same or different materials. Multiple frequency conversion steps may also be employed within a single enclosure. Materials that have been processed specifically to provide increased lifetimes, stability, and damage thresholds over designs previously available are employed. The enclosure allows pre-exposure processing of the crystal(s) such as baking at high temperatures and allowing real time measurement of crystal properties.

Abstract: An apparatus, program product and method support the deallocation of a data structure in a multithreaded computer without requiring the use of computationally expensive semaphores or spin locks. Specifically, access to a data structure is governed by a shared pointer that, when a request is received to deallocate the data structure, is initially set to a value that indicates to any thread that later accesses the pointer that the data structure is not available. In addition, to address any thread that already holds a copy of the shared pointer, and thus is capable of accessing the data structure via the shared pointer after the initiation of the request, all such threads are monitored to determine whether any thread is still using the shared pointer by determining whether any thread is executing program code that is capable of using the shared pointer to access the data structure.

Abstract: Processor time accounting is enhanced by per-thread internal resource usage counter circuits that account for usage of processor core resources to the threads that use them. Relative resource use can be determined by detecting events such as instruction dispatches for multiple threads active within the processor, which may include idle threads that are still occupying processor resources. The values of the resource usage counters are used periodically to determine relative usage of the processor core by the multiple threads. If all of the events are for a single thread during a given period, the processor time is allocated to the single thread. If no events occur in the given period, then the processor time can be equally allocated among threads. If multiple threads are generating events, a fractional resource usage can be determined for each thread and the counters may be updated in accordance with their fractional usage.

Abstract: The present invention includes a fundamental laser light source configured to generate fundamental wavelength laser light, a first nonlinear optical crystal configured to generate first alternate wavelength light; a second nonlinear optical crystal configured to generate second alternate wavelength light; a dual wavelength Brewster angle waveplate configured to rotate a polarization of the first alternate wavelength light relative to the second alternate wavelength light such that the first and second alternate wavelength light have the same polarization; a set of Brewster angle wavefront processing optics configured to condition the first and second alternate wavelengths of light; a harmonic separator configured to separate the first alternate wavelength light from the second alternate wavelength light; and a Brewster angle output window configured to transmit the first or second alternate wavelengths of light from the interior of a laser frequency conversion system to the exterior of the laser frequency con

Abstract: The present invention includes a fundamental laser light source configured to generate fundamental wavelength laser light, an optical crystal configured to receive fundamental laser light from the fundamental laser light source, the optical crystal configured to generate alternate wavelength light by frequency converting a portion of the received fundamental laser light to alternate wavelength light, an auxiliary light source configured to generate auxiliary wavelength light, the auxiliary wavelength light having a wavelength different from the fundamental wavelength laser light and the alternate wavelength light, the fundamental laser light source and the auxiliary light source oriented such that the fundamental laser light copropagates with the auxiliary light through a surface of the optical crystal, and a detector configured to detect at least one of fundamental wavelength laser light scattered by the optical crystal, alternate wavelength light scattered by the optical crystal, or auxiliary light scattere

Abstract: 4-Amino-1-((2R,3S,4S,5R)-5-azido-4-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-pyrimidin-2-one (22) and prodrugs thereof are hepatitis C (HCV) polymerase inhibitors. Also disclosed are compositions and methods for inhibiting HCV and treating HCV-mediated diseases, processes for making the compounds and synthetic intermediates employed in the process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of nucleoside derivatives of formula I wherein B signifies a 9-purinyl residue B1 of formula or a 1-pyrimidyl residue B2 of formula wherein the symbols are as defined in the specification, and of pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; for the treatment of diseases mediated by the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), for the preparation of a medicament for such treatment and to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a laser system in which a current laser wavefront performance of the laser system may be monitored. Further, the laser system embodiments disclosed herein may be configured for correcting the laser wavefront internally via correction system(s) within the laser system. Still further, the correction system(s) disclosed herein may provide a long lifetime of performance and may be configured for having a minimal impact on photocontamination.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a beam dump which is configured for not increasing a temperature of a laser with which it may be implemented. The beam dump may include an opaque enclosure which is configured for receiving light (ex.—initial light) from a light source (ex.—a frequency-converted laser), said light being delivered through an aperture of the enclosure via one or more connected optical fibers. The received light may be scattered within the enclosure. However, the beam dump is configured for minimizing the amount of light which is back scattered light into the fiber(s). For instance, the amount of back scattered light may be less than 1/1000 of the initial light. Further, the beam dump may be configured for minimizing photocontamination which may be caused when the light contacts interior surfaces of the enclosure. Still further, the beam dump may be a small size, low cost structure.

Abstract: An apparatus and program product for coordinating the distribution of CPUs as among logically-partitioned virtual processors. A virtual processor may yield a CPU to precipitate an occurrence upon which its own execution may be predicated. As such, program code may dispatch the surrendered CPU to a designated virtual processor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of nucleoside derivatives of formula Ia wherein the symbols are as defined in the specification, and of pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of defining a set of annotation elements to map a concept to electronic data as input data; generating a mapping rule, according to the set of annotation elements defined and a sample of the input data; mapping the concept to the input data by applying the mapping rule to the input data; and generating a semantic instance of the input data based upon the mapping of the concept to the input data. The set of annotation elements to map the concept to the input data are a selected ontology corresponding to the input data, a selected ontology concept from the selected ontology, a mapping of a word or word phrase in the sample input data to the selected ontology concept from the selected ontology, and a pattern of the mapped word or word phrase relative to a structure of the sample input data.

Abstract: A partition manager includes an I/O reconfiguration mechanism and a logical partition suspend/resume mechanism that work together to perform autonomic I/O reconfiguration in a logically partitioned computer system. When I/O reconfiguration is required, the affected logical partitions are suspended, the I/O is reconfigured, and the affected logical partitions are resumed. Because the logical partitions are suspended during I/O reconfiguration, any ghost packet that may occur when the I/O is reconfigured is ignored.