Abstract: Proton-transfer, low self-absorbing chromophores of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cyano, nitro, halo or an ether group, R.sub.4 is O or N--H, and R.sub.5 is thienyl, naphthyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, phenyl vinyl, diphenyl vinyl, phenyl ethynyl, hydroxy chromonyl phenyl, didecyloxy hydroxy chromonyl phenyl, phenyl or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is vinyl, vinyl phenyl, vinyl benzyl, alkyl ethenyl, or alkyl phenyl ethenyl, provided that when R.sub.5 is phenyl and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are hydrogen, R.sub.4 is N--H.

Abstract: A scintillator for absorbing and concentrating radioactive ions within a solution, the scintillator including a solid scintillator and an ionic layer on a surface of and in contact with the solid scintillator. When radioactive ions are absorbed by the ionic layer, the scintillator acts as a light source.

Abstract: Polymers containing covalently-bonded, low self-absorbing, scintillating chromophores, polymerizable chromophores of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is vinyl, .alpha.-methyl vinyl, vinyl phenyl, or vinyl benzyl, and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cyano, nitro, halo, or ether, and a process for the preparation of polymers containing low self-absorbing, scintillating chromophores.

Abstract: A specimen holder including a housing having a specimen chamber in it. A window defining a wall of the chamber allows transmission of at least a portion of the x-radiation from X-ray diffraction spectometry apparatus on which the holder is mounted, into the chamber. The housing has a passageway in it opening at one end into the specimen chamber and at the opposite end to outside the housing. A cylindrical specimen mount supports the specimen in the housing is constructed for sealing sliding reception in the passageway such that the specimen mount is rotatable about its longitudinal axis and movable lengthwise of the passageway while maintaining a seal with the passageway for positioning the specimen in the specimen chamber.