Abstract: The invention is directed to human serum albumin-porphyrin (HSA-P) complexes which are capable of reversible oxygen binding and their uses. These complexes may be used in applications requiring physiological oxygen carriers such as in blood substitute solutions, or in applications requiring plasma expanders. Methods for the production of these complexes are provided. In a specific example, HSA-P complexes are shown to exhibit reversible oxygen binding. In another example, the HSA-P complex does not exhibit appreciable vasoactivity.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for the prophylaxis or treatment of an animal for deleterious physiological effects such as systemic hypotension caused by nitric oxide production induced by a biological response modifier. Examples of such biological response modifiers include but are not limited to a cytokine and an endotoxin. The invention is also directed to a method for the treatment of septic shock.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to administration of a nitric oxide scavenger or a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor to enhance the effectiveness of tumor therapy with hypoxic or acidic chemotherapeutic agents or hyperthermia. In a specific example, administration of cell free hemoglobin, a nitric oxide scavenger, in conjunction with mitomycin C, a hypoxic cytotoxin, results in a significant delay in tumor growth of a human tumor xenograft in a mouse compared to mitomycin C alone.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of an inhibitor of NO activity, such as a nitric oxide scavenger or an NO synthase inhibitor, as an antitumor therapy to reduce tumor blood flow and oxygenation. The invention is also directed to administration of a nitric oxide scavenger or a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor to enhance the effectiveness of tumor therapy with hypoxic or acidic chemotherapeutic agents or hyperthermia. The invention is also directed to the administration of a nitric oxide synthase substrate to a subject previously administered a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, in order to selectively inhibit tumor perfusion. In a specific example, administration of cell free hemoglobin, a nitric oxide scavenger, in conjunction with mitomycin C, a hypoxic cytotoxin, results in a significant delay in tumor growth of a human tumor xenograft in a mouse compared to mitomycin C alone.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for the prophylaxis or treatment of an animal for deleterious physiological effects such as systemic hypotension caused by nitric oxide production induced by a biological response modifier. Examples of such biological response modifiers include but are not limited to a cytokine and an endotoxin. The invention is also directed to a method for the treatment of septic shock. Hemoproteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, hemalbumin and methemalbumin, for example, are useful when administered to a hypotensive patient.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a stroma-free tetrameric mammalian hemoglobin which is crosslinked with benzenepentacarboxylate, in which the crosslinking is carried out by a method comprising the step of activating at least two carboxylate groups of the benzenepentacarboxylate with an activating agent prior to reaction with the hemoglobin as well as methods for its production. Crosslinked stroma-free hemoglobin produced by methods of the present invention may be used in applications requiring physiological oxygen carriers such as in blood substitute solutions, or as in a plasma expander.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a low oxygen affinity stroma-free tetrameric mammalian hemoglobin which is produced by crosslinkng with a derivative of benzenetricarboxylate, as well as methods for its preparation. Crosslinked stroma-free hemoglobin produced by methods of the present invention may be used in applications requiring physiological oxygen carriers such as in blood substitute solutions, or as in a plasma expander.

Abstract: A method of controlling the attachment of organisms to an underwater surface is disclosed. The method comprises contacting the organisms with a compound of Formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen hydroxyl C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 aryl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl aryl, or carbohydrate; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or hydroxyl, and R.sub.3 is hydrogen, or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together form an epoxide; R.sub.4 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, or carboxylic acid; and L is selected from the group consisting of a moiety of Formula II, a moiety of Formula III, and a moiety of Formula IV ##STR2## wherein R.sub.5 is CH.sub.2, NH, O or S, R.sub.6 is CH.sub.2, NH, O or S, R.sub.7 is N or CH, and R.sub.8 is NH or O, and wherein the compound is optionally substituted from 1 to five times with halogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy groups at positions 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for the prophylaxis or treatment of an animal for deleterious physiological effects such as systemic hypotension caused by nitric oxide production induced by a biological response modifier. Examples of such biological response modifiers include but are not limited to a cytokine and an endotoxin. The invention is also directed to a method for the treatment of septic shock.

Abstract: A method of controlling the attachment of organisms to an underwater surface is disclosed. The method comprises contacting the organisms with a compound of Formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 aryl, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl aryl, or carbohydrate; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or hydroxyl, and R.sub.3 is hydrogen, or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together form an epoxide; R.sub.4 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, or carboxylic acid; and L is selected from the group consisting of a moiety of Formula II, a moiety of Formula III, and a moiety of Formula IV ##STR2## wherein R.sub.5 is CH.sub.2, NH, O or S, R.sub.6 is CH.sub.2, NH, O or S, R.sub.7 is N or CH, and R.sub.8 is NH or O, and wherein the compound is optionally substituted from 1 to five times with halogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkoxy groups at positions 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for catalyzing the reactionsQZ+H.sub.2 X?QZX (1)andQZX?QZ+H.sub.2 X (2)whereinQ=C or N;Z=O or S;X=O, S, NH or NR;R=C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl which may be linear, branched or cyclized,which comprises:contacting at least one polydentate nitrogen-containing chelating agent complexed with a metal atom with the reactants of one of said reactions, wherein said contacting takes place in the presence of a means for oxidizing when reaction (1) is catalyzed and in the presence of a means for reducing when reaction (2) is catalyzed. A particular reaction is the conversion of NO to NO.sub.2 using water and supported porphines, hemes, phthalocyanines, ethioporphrins sirohemes, particularly heme and heme compounds or derivatives such as methemoglobin, myoglobin, or hemin.

Abstract: A method for extracting oxygen from a fluid environment, which comprises the steps of (1) contacting a first fluid environment containing oxygen with a first surface of a first oxygen permeable membrane having a first and a second surface, wherein the membrane separates the environment from an interior space of a closed container, (2) transporting a carrier fluid into contact with the second surface of the membrane, wherein the carrier fluid is confined in the closed container and the carrier fluid contains a binding-state oxygen carrier, whereby oxygen which diffuses through the membrane binds to the carrier to give a bound oxygen complex, (3) transporting the carrier fluid containing the bound oxygen complex to a first electrode compartment of an electrochemical cell which forms a second portion of the closed container, (4) electrochemically modifying the binding-state oxygen carrier to an oxidation state having less binding affinity for oxygen, thereby releasing free oxygen into the carrier fluid and produ

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for catalyzing the reactionsQZ+H.sub.2 X.fwdarw.QZX (1) psandQZX.fwdarw.QZ+H.sub.2 X (2)wherein Q=C or N;Z=O or S;X=O, S, NH or NR;R=C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl which may be linear, branched or cyclized,which comprises:contacting at least one polydentate nitrogen-containing chelating agent complexed with a metal atom with the reactants of one of said reactions, wherein said contacting takes place in the presence of a means for oxidizing when reaction (1) is catalyzed and in the presence of a means for reducing when reaction (2) is catalyzed.

Abstract: The gustatory additive of the present invention provides an improved fish bait. The gustatory additive causes a fish to hold a lure treated with the gustatory additive in its mouth for a longer period of time or causes the fish to swallow the lure. Because the fish holds the lure coated with the gustatory additive in its mouth for a relatively longer period of time, the fisherman has more time in which to set the hook in the fish's mouth.The gustatory additive of the present invention is comprised of a mixture of nutrients that are mixed with a water insoluble matrix and then applied to the surface of a lure. The gustatory additive of the present invention can also be distributed throughout the lure.

Abstract: A method for reversibly removing a ligand from a ligand carrier, which comprises:(1) contacting a fluid containing a binding-state ligand carrier to which said ligand is bound with a first electrochemical electrode wherein said binding-state ligand carrier undergoes a redox reaction to form a nonbinding-state ligand carrier and free ligand;(2) removing free ligand from the fluid obtained in step (1);(3) contacting the fluid obtained from step (2) containing said nonbinding-state ligand carrier with a second electrochemical electrode wherein said nonbinding-state ligand carrier undergoes a redox reaction to reform said binding-state ligand carrier;(4) contacting the fluid obtained from step (3) containing said binding-state ligand carrier with a ligand source, whereby said ligand binds to said binding-state ligand carrier; and(5) repeating steps (1)-(4),is disclosed along with an apparatus useful in conducting this invention.

Abstract: An apparatus for extracting oxygen from an environment surrounding the apparatus, which comprises a container having an interior space isolated from physical contact with the environment at least in part by a gas permeable membrane having a first and a second side, wherein the membrane contacts the environment on the first side of the membrane, a carrier fluid in contact with the second side of the membrane in the first container, and a non-proteinaceous oxygen binding compound contained in the carrier fluid, wherein the compound comprises a tetradentate chelating molecule, a metal ion chelated in the molecule, and a nitrogenous base chelated to the metal ion, is disclosed along with a method for extracting oxygen from environmental fluids.

Abstract: A method for extracting oxygen from a fluid environment, which comprises the steps of (1) contacting a first fluid environment containing oxygen with a first surface of a first oxygen permeable membrane having a first and a second surface, wherein the membrane separates the environment from an interior space of a closed container, (2) transporting a carrier fluid into contact with the second surface of the membrane, wherein the carrier fluid is confined in the closed container and the carrier fluid contains a binding-state oxygen carrier, whereby oxygen which diffuses through the membrane binds to the carrier to give a bound oxygen complex, (3) transporting the carrier fluid containing the bound oxygen complex to a first electrode compartment of an electrochemical cell which forms a second portion of the closed container, (4) electrochemically modifying the binding-state oxygen carrier to an oxidation state having less binding affinity for oxygen, thereby releasing free oxygen into the carrier fluid and produ

Abstract: An oxygen carrier, capable of reversibly binding and releasing oxygen, immobilized in a polymer matrix and a method of recovering dissolved oxygen from fluids utilizing the same.

Abstract: An oxygen carrier, capable of reversibly binding and releasing oxygen, immobilized in a polymer matrix and a method of recovering dissolved oxygen from fluids utilizing the same.