Abstract: An exercise apparatus having homolateral and contralateral modes of operation may include a frame supporting generally vertically oriented reciprocating members. The reciprocating members may include foot supports secured at the lower distal ends thereof, and handlebars movably secured proximate the upper distal ends of the reciprocating members. The handlebars may be configured for homolateral and contralateral operation of the exercise apparatus.

Abstract: A climbing exercise apparatus having homolateral and contralateral modes of operation may include a frame supporting generally vertically oriented movable slide members in spaced apart relationship to one another. The slide members may include foot supports secured at the lower distal ends thereof and handlebars in adjustable telescopic relationship with the slide members. Handgrips may be rotatably mounted proximate the upper distal ends of the handlebars. The handgrips may be rotatably about a canted axis which is canted relative to the longitudinal axis of the handlebars and selectively locked for homolateral and contralateral operation of the climbing exercise apparatus.

Abstract: A climbing exercise apparatus having ipsilateral and contralateral modes of operation may include a frame supporting movable generally vertically oriented members. The vertically oriented members may include arm and foot support members rotatably connected to carriage members movably supported on the frame. The climbing exercise apparatus may include three-dimensional movement capabilities for a user's arms and feet to move through three dimensional paths of motion during an exercise activity.

Abstract: A climbing exercise apparatus having homolateral and contralateral modes of operation may include a frame supporting generally vertically oriented reciprocating members. The reciprocating members may include foot supports fixedly secured at the lower distal ends thereof, and handlebars secured proximate the upper distal ends of the reciprocating members. The reciprocating members path of motion may include vertical and lateral components.

Abstract: A watercraft propulsion apparatus includes an eccentric crank assembly operatively connected to a pair of fins adapted to sweep back and forth in a generally transverse direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the watercraft. The fins may be rotatable about a first axis coplanar to the longitudinal axis of the watercraft. A drive linkage assembly operatively connecting the eccentric crank assembly to the pair of fins imparts a torque force to oscillate the pair of fins. The oscillating fins provide a propulsive force to propel the watercraft longitudinally forward during both oscillating directions of the fins as they sweep back and forth.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus having multiple exercise modes of operation may include a frame supporting generally vertically oriented reciprocating members spaced apart and in substantial parallel relationship to one another. Reciprocating leg members may include foot supports secured at the lower distal ends thereof. Reciprocating arm members may include hand grips coupled proximate the upper distal ends of the arm members. The arm members and leg members may be operably coupled in multiple configurations for a user to perform various climbing exercise movements.

Abstract: A climbing exercise apparatus having homolateral and contralateral modes of operation may include a frame supporting generally vertically oriented movable slide members in spaced apart relationship to one another. The slide members may include foot supports secured at lower distal ends thereof and handlebars in adjustable telescopic relationship with the slide members. Handgrips may be rotatably mounted proximate to upper distal ends of the handlebars. The handgrips may be rotatably about a canted axis which is canted relative to a longitudinal axis of the handlebars and selectively locked for the homolateral and contralateral modes operation of the climbing exercise apparatus.

Abstract: A writing instrument may include an upper barrel rotatably connected to a lower barrel. Writing fluid reservoirs may be housed in the upper barrel. A writing tip secured to the lower barrel may be in selective fluid communication with the writing fluid reservoirs. The upper barrel may be rotatable relative to the lower barrel of the writing instrument.

Abstract: A watercraft propulsion apparatus includes an eccentric crank assembly operatively connected to a pair of fins adapted to sweep back and forth in a generally transverse direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the watercraft. The fins may be rotatable about a longitudinal shaft fixedly secure to the bottom of the hull of the watercraft. A drive linkage assembly operatively connecting the eccentric crank assembly to the pair of fins imparts a torque force to oscillate the pair of fins. The oscillating fins provide a propulsive force to propel the watercraft longitudinally forward during both oscillating directions of the fins as they sweep back and forth.

Abstract: A swim fin may include a foot pocket configured to receive a foot of a swimmer and a fin blade extending from the foot pocket. A relatively rigid substrate chassis may be bonded to the foot pocket. The fin blade may be relatively flexible. Fin rails may extend along the lateral edges of the fin blade. The fin rails may include a fin spine comprising a plurality of fin spine segments in linear configuration. The fin spine may be configured to provide a swim fin with predetermined hydrodynamic characteristics. The swim fin may flex within a maximum angle of attack that may be variable and dynamically changed, within a predetermined maximum attack angle range, as a function of the kicking force generated by a swimmer during a kicking cycle.

Abstract: In a gravity fluid filtration system, upper and lower fluid reservoirs may be mated together. Unfiltered fluid may be supplied to the upper reservoir. One or more filters provide fluid communication between the upper and lower fluid reservoirs. Fluid may pass through the filters into the lower fluid reservoir. The weight of the fluid in the gravity filtration system may be monitored to maximize the fluid flow rate without loss of fluid by supporting the fluid reservoirs on a moveable platform interconnected to a stationary base by a force reactive linkage. Automatic fill components may be provided for automatically actuating a fluid supply valve connected to an unfiltered fluid source. As filtered fluid is withdrawn from the lower reservoir, actuation of the fluid supply valve to an open position may permit unfiltered fluid to be supplied to the upper reservoir. Supply of unfiltered fluid to the upper reservoir may be stopped upon actuation of the fluid supply valve to the closed position.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus having homolateral and contralateral modes of operation is disclosed. The exercise apparatus may include a frame supporting generally vertically oriented reciprocating members spaced apart and in substantial parallel relationship to one another. The reciprocating members may include foot supports fixedly secured at the lower distal ends thereof and handlebars rotatably mounted proximate the upper distal ends of the reciprocating members. The handlebars may be selectively locked for homolateral and contralateral operation of the exercise apparatus.

Abstract: An overhead handlebar assembly fixedly secured to the frame of an exercise apparatus. The overhead handlebar assembly may include handlebar support members, load sensors secured to the handlebar support members and a handlebar secured to the handlebar support members.

Abstract: A swim fin may include a foot pocket configured to receive a foot of a swimmer and a fin blade extending from the foot pocket. A relatively rigid substrate chassis may be bonded to the foot pocket. The fin blade may be relatively flexible. Fin rails may extend along the lateral edges of the fin blade. The fin rails may include a fin spine comprising a plurality of fin spine segments in linear configuration. The fin spine may be configured to provide a swim fin with predetermined hydrodynamic characteristics. The swim fin may flex within a maximum angle of attack that may be variable and dynamically changed, within a predetermined maximum attack angle range, as a function of the kicking force generated by a swimmer during a kicking cycle.

Abstract: A propulsion apparatus adapted to be installed in a watercraft may include a propeller extending below the water surface adapted to provide three hundred sixty degrees (360°) of directed vector thrust. The propulsion apparatus may include foot pedals operable by an operator in a cycling motion operatively connected to the propeller by a drive shaft interconnecting a crank gear assembly to a propeller gear assembly. The drive shaft may extend through vertically aligned concentric upper and lower conduits. The upper conduit may be fixedly secured to the watercraft and the lower conduit rotatably connected to a lower distal end of the upper conduit. The lower conduit may be rotated to direct propeller thrust to a desired direction.

Abstract: A writing instrument may include an upper barrel rotatably connected to a lower barrel. Writing fluid reservoirs may be housed in the upper barrel. A writing tip secured to the lower barrel may be in selective fluid communication with the writing fluid reservoirs. The upper barrel may be rotatable relative to the lower barrel of the writing instrument.

Abstract: A climbing exercise apparatus having homolateral and contralateral modes of operation may include a frame supporting generally vertically oriented movable slide members in spaced apart relationship to one another. The slide members may include foot supports secured at the lower distal ends thereof and handlebars in adjustable telescopic relationship with the slide members. Handgrips may be rotatably mounted proximate the upper distal ends of the handlebars. The handgrips may be rotatably about a canted axis which is canted relative to the longitudinal axis of the handlebars and selectively locked for homolateral and contralateral operation of the climbing exercise apparatus.

Abstract: In an exercise apparatus incorporating a vibration pulley system, a vibration unit connected to the frame of the exercise apparatus. The vibration unit may include a toothed pulley and a contact roller mounted on a bracket. A pulley cable may include an end fixedly secured to the frame of the exercise apparatus. The pulley cable may be threaded about the toothed pulley and the opposite end of the pulley cable connected to a handle that may be grasped by an operator. The toothed pulley may be in engagement with the contact roller to generate vibrations that may be felt by the operator. The vibration intensity may be adjusted to variable levels.

Abstract: A climbing exercise apparatus having homolateral and contralateral modes of operation may include a frame supporting generally vertically oriented movable slide members in spaced apart relationship to one another. The slide members may include foot supports secured at the lower distal ends thereof and handlebars in adjustable telescopic relationship with the slide members. Handgrips may be rotatably mounted proximate the upper distal ends of the handlebars. The handgrips may be rotatably about a canted axis which is canted relative to the longitudinal axis of the handlebars and selectively locked for homolateral and contralateral operation of the climbing exercise apparatus.

Abstract: A dynamic spinal stabilization apparatus may be implanted and secured to at least two vertebrae. The spinal stabilization apparatus may promote and enforce a relatively natural motion of spine flexion of one or more regions of the spine. In one embodiment, the spinal stabilization apparatus may be secured to a plurality of vertebrae and biasing the entire spine to a fully normal curvature. The spinal stabilization apparatus may dynamically stabilize the spine while preserving spinal motion. In other embodiments, the spinal stabilization apparatus may be utilized for spine fusion treatments and may provide load sharing either as an enhancement to a fusion device or as a motion-preserving non-fusion apparatus.