Abstract: Cathodic protection monitoring of large metallic structures receiving cathodic current from a remote anodic electrode. Exposed to the cathodic current, closely adjacent the metallic structure, is a metallic specimen with a surface area of less than one-tenth of the structure's area. Current flow is induced between the specimen and the structure until their potential difference is substantially zero. Measurement of the induced current flow allows the current density impressed upon the specimen to be determined, and it is substantially identical to the current density impressed upon the structure by the cathodic current. Anodic and cathodic induced current flows are employed for varying the potential of the specimen relative to the structure (as reference) to determine anodic and cathodic reaction rates, unprotected corrosion rate of the structure, and the cathodic current required to protect the structure. The metallic specimen may be partially encased in an insulating covering.

Abstract: A hydrogen probe system measuring hydrogen gas produced in the corrosion of steel, both in volume and rate, with a relatively simple construction, rapid installation at any location and trouble-free operation for extended periods of time without supervision. The probe system has a ferrous metal body enclosing a cavity wherein hydrogen gas is collected under superatmospheric pressure. The accumulated hydrogen gas is periodically vented by a valve operated between two pressure set-points with a "snap action" function by a control mechanism. Each actuation of the valve is a readout function of hydrogen gas accumulating in the cavity representing total gas volume or the rate of gas generation.

Abstract: An electrical field treater for resolving an emulsion formed of a continuous oil phase containing a dispersed water phase with grading a.c.-d.c. electric fields. The treater comprises a metal vessel having an emulsion inlet and outlets to remove the purified oil phase and a coalesced water phase. Insulated electrode sets are energized by an external power source to regulated d.c. potentials between the electrodes and earth ground, and an a.c. current component between the electrodes and earth ground. The earth ground may be a metal electrode or a body of water maintained in the vessel.

Abstract: A hydrogen probe system measuring hydrogen gas produced in the corrosion of steel, both in volume and rate, with a relatively simple construction, rapid installation at any location and trouble-free operation for extended periods of time without supervision. The probe system has a ferrous metal body enclosing a cavity collecting hydrogen gas metered through a capillary port into a background liquid contained in a sample cell thereby forming discrete, uniform-dimensioned bubbles. A detector senses the release of these bubbles and provides a representative output signal to an output means giving a readout of the hydrogen gas bubbles being released within a selected time interval.

Abstract: A flush mounted probe for corrosion testing by assembling into a nipple secured to a pipeline. The nipple is of conventional design such as employed in hot tapping installations. The probe is arranged upon assembly within the nipple to place a plurality of planar-surfaced metallic electrodes in substantially parallel alignment with the inner surface of the sidewall of the pipeline. The probe is arranged by its construction for installation and removal in the same manner as blind plugs and other assessories using the hot tapping equipment. No special tools or parts are required to install and remove the present probe, even under extremely elevated pressure conditions in a pipeline.

Abstract: A conductivity measurement probe formed of an electrically nonconducting rigid body which carries a cylindrical flow passage defining a flux channel to polarization current. The body has inlet and outlet means for passing aqueous liquid or other electrolytes through the flow passage. Four elongated metallic electrodes are positioned in alignment within the flow passage and in electric isolation from one another. Preferably, the outer electrodes serve as references for observing induced polarizing potential and an inner pair of the electrodes which serve auxiliary functions for providing current flow in the flow passage; and, the reference electrodes reside within the limits of the flux channel containing the polarization current. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are preferably spaced uniformly along the flow passage. Electrically conductive means extend from the electrodes within the body.