Abstract: A composite material containing a matrix and a fibrous reinforcement, in particular a textile embedded in the matrix. The matrix includes a geopolymer of the poly(phospho-sialate) type having the following formula I: (1) (—P—O—Si—O—Al—O—)n in which n is greater than 2. The matrix further includes zirconium covalently bonded to the matrix, especially in the —ZrO form and/or in the —O—Zr—O form. The matrix has a melting temperature greater than 700° C., especially equal to or greater than 1200° C.

Abstract: A composite material containing a matrix and a fibrous reinforcement, in particular a textile embedded in the matrix. The matrix includes a geopolymer of the poly(phospho-sialate) type having the following formula I: (1) (—P—O—Si—O—Al—O—)n in which n is greater than 2. The matrix further includes zirconium covalently bonded to the matrix, especially in the —ZrO form and/or in the —O—Zr—O form. The matrix has a melting temperature greater than 700° C., especially equal to or greater than 1200° C.

Abstract: Geopolymeric cement based on aluminosilicate fly ashes of class F, which, contrary to the prior art, are harmless to use and harden at ambient temperature, favoring their use in common applications in the construction and civil engineering fields. This harmlessness is achieved thanks to a mixture containing: 10 to 15 parts by weight of a non corrosive alkali metal silicate solution in which the M2O:SiO2 molar ratio is less than 0.78, preferably less than 0.69 and the SiO2:M2O ratio greater than 1.28, preferably greater than 1.45, M denoting Na or K; added to this are 10 to 20 parts by weight of water and 5 to 15 parts by weight of blast furnace slag having a specific surface area less than 400 m2/kg preferably less than 380 m2/kg and 50 to 100 parts by weight of class F aluminosilicate fly ash.

Abstract: Geopolymeric cement based on aluminosilicate fly ashes of class F, which, contrary to the prior art, are harmless to use and harden at ambient temperature, favouring their use in common applications in the construction and civil engineering fields. This harmlessness is achieved thanks to a mixture containing: 10 to 15 parts by weight of a non corrosive alkali metal silicate solution in which the M2O:SiO2 molar ratio is less than 0.78, preferably less than 0.69 and the SiO2:M2O ratio greater than 1.28, preferably greater than 1.45, M denoting Na or K; added to this are 10 to 20 parts by weight of water and 5 to 15 parts by weight of blast furnace slag having a specific surface area less than 400 m2/kg preferably less than 380 m2/kg and 50 to 100 parts by weight of class F aluminosilicate fly ash.

Abstract: The invention relates to a geopolymeric cement or binder comprising an amorphous vitreous matrix consisting of a poly(sialate-disiloxo)-type geopolymeric compound, having approximation formula (Na, K, Ca)(—Si—O—Al—O—Si—O—Si—O) or (Na, K, Ca)-PSDS. The inventive cement consists of a mixture of different varieties of polysialates in which the atomic ratio Si:Al varies between 2 and 5.5, the average of the Si:Al atomic ratio values as measured with the electronic microprobe being close to between 2.8 and 3. The remaining components of the geopolymeric cement or binder, such as mellilite particles, aluminosilicate particles and quartz particles, are not used in said Si:Al atomic ratio calculation. The geopolymeric structure of type (K, Ca)-Poly(sialate-disiloxo) (K, Ca)-PSDS is between 50% and 60% more mechanically resistant than that of type (K, Ca)-Poly(sialate-siloxo) (K, Ca)—PSS of the prior art.

Abstract: The invention relates to a geopolymeric cement or binder comprising an amorphous vitreous matrix consisting of a poly(sialate-disiloxo)-type geopolymeric compound, having approximation formula (Na,K,Ca)(—Si—O—Al—O—Si—O—Si—O) or (Na,K,Ca)—PSDS. The inventive cement consists of a mixture of different varieties of polysialates in which the atomic ratio Si:Al varies between 2 and 5.5, the average of the Si:Al atomic ratio values as measured with the electronic microprobe being close to between 2.8 and 3. The remaining components of the geopolymeric cement or binder, such as mellilite particles, aluminosilicate particles and quartz particles, are not used in said Si:Al atomic ratio calculation. The geopolymeric structure of type (K,Ca)-Poly(sialate-disiloxo) (K,Ca)—PSDS is between 50% and 60% more mechanically resistant than that of type (K, Ca)-Poly(sialate-siloxo) (K,Ca)—PSS of the prior art.

Abstract: Fiber-reinforced geopolymeric resin having a mole ratio of SiO.sub.2 :Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 of at least equal to 6, and preferably at least equal to 10, adheres well to both concrete and steel, and is used to protectively cover infrastructures formed of steel-reinforced concrete and the like.

Abstract: An alkali aluminosilicate geopolymeric matrix for the production of composite materials with a fiber reinforcement has a composition, after dehydration, expressed as oxides, as follows:yM.sub.2 O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :xSiO.sub.2where "x" is 6.5-70, "y" is 0.95-9.50 and M is Na, K or Na+K. The geopolymeric matrix comprises a nanocomposite material with at least two phases, with (a) a first nodular silicious phase composed of nanospheres with diameters of less than 1 micron, preferably less than 500 nm, and (b) a second polymeric phase essentially composed of alkali poly(aluminosilicate) having one or more sialate bridge (--Si--O--Al--O) cross-linking sites of total formula M.sub.4 Si.sub.2 AlO.sub.10 to M.sub.2 Si.sub.4 AlO.sub.16, such that, in the alkali poly(aluminosilicate), the ratio of Si(O.sub.4) to Al(O.sub.4) is >3.5, preferably >5. The geopolymeric matrix has a spectrum of .sup.29 Si MASNMR with three resonance regions: -87.+-.5 ppm, -98 .+-.5 ppm, -107 .+-.

Abstract: The method of the invention provides a geopolymeric binder in powder, used for the ultra rapid treatment of materials, soils or mining tailings, containing toxic wastes. Said geopolymeric binder has a setting time equal to or greater than 30 minutes at a temperature of 20.degree. C. and a hardening rate such as to provide compression strengths (Sc) equal to or greater than 15 MPa, after only 4 hours at 20.degree. C., when tested in accordance with the standards applied to hydraulic binder mortars having a binder/sand ratio equal to 0.38 and a water/binder ratio between 0.22 and 0.27. The preparation method includes the following three reactive constituents:a) an alumino-silicate oxide (Si.sub.2 O.sub.5, Al.sub.2 O.sub.2) in which the Al cation is in (IV-V) coordination as determined by MAS-NMR analytical spectroscopy for .sup.27 Al;b) a disilicate of sodium and/or potassium (Na.sub.2.K.sub.2)(H.sub.3 SiO.sub.4).sub.

Abstract: A geopolymeric fluoro-alumino-silicate binder is provided which makes it possible to manufacture items with excellent mechanical and heat resistance at temperatures between 250.degree. C. and 650.degree. C. with a variable coefficient of thermal expansion 5.10-6/.degree.C.<.DELTA..lambda.<35.10.sup.-6 /.degree.C. After curing, the geopolymeric compound thus obtained is a solid solution comprising:a) a geopolymer of the fluoro-alkaline poly(sialate-disiloxo) type (M,F)-PSDS of formula ##STR1## b) an alkaline-alumino-fluoride M.sub.3 A1F.sub.6 such as elpasolite K.sub.2 NaAlF.sub.6 ;c) a silicious phase SiO.sub.2 of the Opal CT type, hydrous SiO.sub.2 ;where "M" represents the cations Na and/or K, and "n" the degree of polymerisation.The process for obtaining fluoro-alumino-silicate geopolymer binders consists of reacting a geopolymeric resin obtained from a reactional mixture containing:a) an aqueous solution of alkaline silicate with a molar ratio M.sub.2 O:SiO.sub.2 comprised between or equal toM.sub.

Abstract: The method of the invention provides a geopolymeric binder in powder, used for the ultra rapid treatment of materials, soils or mining tailings, containing toxic wastes. The geopolymeric binder has a setting time equal to or greater than 30 minutes at a temperature of 20.degree. C. and a hardening rate such as to provide compression strengths (Sc) equal to or greater than 15 MPa, after only 4 hours at 20.degree. C., when tested in accordance with the standards applied to hydraulic binder mortars having a binder/sand ratio equal to 0.38 and a water/binder ratio between 0.22 and 0.27. The preparation method includes the following three reactive constituents:a) an alumino-silicate oxide (Si.sub.2 O.sub.5,Al.sub.2 O.sub.2) in which the Al cation is in (IV-V) coordination as determined by MAS-NMR analytical spectroscopy for .sup.27 Al;b) a disilicate of sodium and/or potassium (Na.sub.2,K.sub.2)(H.sub.3 SiO.sub.4).sub.

Abstract: The geopolymeric alumino-silicates have been grouped in three families depending on the atomic ratio Si/Al which may be 1, 2 or 3. With the most commonly used simplified notation, a distinction is made between______________________________________ poly M.sub.n --(Si--O--Al--O) .sub.n-- or (M)--PS, (sialate) poly M.sub.n --(Si--O--Al--O--Si--O) .sub.n-- or (M)--PSS, (sialate- siloxo) poly M.sub.n --(Si--O--Al--O--Si--O--Si--O) .sub.n-- or (sialate- (M)--PSDS disiloxo). ______________________________________A process for obtaining a geopolymer of the alkaline poly(sialate-disiloxo) family (M)-PSDS with the ratio Si/Al=3 involves producing geopolymeric resin obtained from a reactional mixture containing:a) an aqueous solution of alkaline silicate with a molar ratio SiO.sub.2 :M.sub.2 O comprised between or equal to SiO.sub.2 :M.sub.2 O 4.0:1 and 6.6:1 the concentration of which is over 60% wt and where the initial viscosity at 20.degree. C.

Abstract: Method for eliminating the dangerous alkali-aggregate reaction in concretes which contain hydrated cement obtained by the alkaline activation of Portland cement. The formation in this concrete of a compound which can generate a soluble alkali aluminate is prevented by reacting a mineral composition by alkaline activation, the said compound consisting of a hydrated alumino-silicate whose Nuclear Magnetic Resonance .sup.27 Al MAS-NMR spectrum shows a resonance at 66.+-.5 ppm corresponding to a (Q.sub.3)(3Si)-type (AlO.sub.4) tetrahedron. The above-mentioned mineral composition contains:a) 100 parts by weight of the said calcium alumino-silicate;b) 10 to 30 parts by weight of powdered synthetic alumino-silicate belonging to the class of silicates whose mineralogical structure is lamellar and whose MAS-NMR for .sup.27 Al has at least one main resonance at 20.+-.5 ppm and/or 50.+-.5 ppm in relation to AlCl.sub.3.c) 0 to 10 parts by weight of a hydrated disilicate Ca(H.sub.3 SiO.sub.4).sub.2 whose (SiO.sub.

Abstract: A composite ceramic-ceramic material is disclosed having a fibrous reinforcing ceramic and a ceramic matrix made of a geopolymeric compound containing:(a) a poly(sialate) geopolymer M.sub.n (--Si--O--Al--O--).sub.n and/or poly(sialate-siloxo) M.sub.n (--Si--O--Al--O--Si--O--).sub.n, M representing at least one alkaline cation, and n the degree of polymerization;(b) ultrafine silicious and/or aluminous and/or silico-aluminous constituents, of size smaller than 5 microns, preferably lower than 2 microns,the said geopolymeric compound being obtained by polycondensation at a temperature between 20.degree. C. and 120.degree. C. of an alkaline alumino-silicate reaction mixture, the composition of the principal constituents of the said geopolymeric compound expressed in terms of mole ratios of the oxides being between or equal to following values:M.sub.2 O/SiO.sub.2 --0.10 TO 0.95,SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --2.50 TO 6.00,M.sub.2 O/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --0.25 TO 5.70,M.sub.2 O representing either Na.sub.2 O and/or K.

Abstract: The invention provides a new method for solidifying and disposing of waste. The waste is combined and mixed with an alkali-activated silico-aluminate geopolymer binder. The resulting mixture is bound together with a geopolymeric matrix. When allowed to set, it forms a hard, monolithic solid. The mixture is subjected to a suitable engineering process, such as casting or pressing, to produce a waste disposal product having superior long term stability.

Abstract: An early high-strength mineral polymer composition is formed of a polysialatesiloxo material obtained by adding a reactant mixture consisting of alumino-silicate oxide (Si.sub.2 O.sub.5,Al.sub.2 O.sub.2) with the aluminum cation in a four-fold coordination, strong alkalis such as sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide, water, and a sodium/potassium polysilicate solution; and from 15 to 26 parts, by weight, based upon the reactive mixture of the polysialatesiloxo polymer of ground blast furnace slag. Sufficient hardening for demolding is obtained in about 1 hour with this composition.

Abstract: A mineral polymer of the silicoaluminate family has a composition expressed in terms of oxides as follows:yK.sub.2 O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :xSiO.sub.2 :w H.sub.2 Owhere, in the fully hydrated form, "w" is a value at the most equal to 4, "x" is a value in the range of about 4.0 to about 4.2, and "y" is a value in the range of about 1.3 to about 1.52. These mineral polymers are solid solutions which comprise one phase of a potassium polysilicate having the formula:(y-1)K.sub.2 O:(x-2)SiO.sub.2 :(w-1)H.sub.2 Oand one phase of a potassium polysialate polymer having the following formula: ##STR1## where "n" is the degree of condensation of the polymer.

Abstract: New mineral polymers called polysialates have the empiral formula M.sub.n [--(Si--O.sub.2 --).sub.z --Al--O.sub.2 --].sub.n,wH.sub.2 O where z is 1, 2 or 3, M is sodium, or sodium plus potassium, n is the degree of polycondensation, and w has a value up to about 7. The method for making these polymers includes heating an aqueous alkali silico-aluminate mixture having an oxide-mole ratio within certain specific ranges for a time sufficient to form the polymer.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for agglomerating compressible powders, particles or fibres of mineral substances, said process comprising the steps of placing at least one layer of a steam and gas pervious product on a layer of said compressible substances in which the water content is such that, after vaporization, a sufficient amount of water is still present to ensure the desired chemical reaction, then subjecting the layers to the simultaneous action of pressure and heating.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process of manufacturing panels composed of units in, for example, ceramic assembled by a thermoplastic material.The interstitial spaces between the units are filled with granules of thermoplastic material. After heating to the highest possible temperature but just lower than the degradation temperature, the units are firmly joined to one another.Such panels can be used as decorative floor or wall-coverings.